Effect of Lower Versus Higher Protein Content in Infant Formula Through the First Year on Body Composition from 1 to 6 Years: Follow‐Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Obesity - Tập 26 Số 7 - Trang 1203-1210 - 2018
Martina Totzauer1, Verónica Luque2, Joaquín Escribano2, Ricardo Closa‐Monasterolo3, Elvira Verduci4, Alice ReDionigi4, Joana Hoyos5, Jean‐Paul Langhendries6, Dariusz Gruszfeld7, Piotr Socha8, Berthold Koletzko1, Veit Grote1
1Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
2Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
3Neonatal Unit, Hospital Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
4Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
5Department of Pediatrics University Children's Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
6CHC, St Vincent Liège‐Rocourt Belgium
7Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
8Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Eating Disorders, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Tóm tắt

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lower protein (LP) versus higher protein (HP) content in infant formula on body composition from 3 months to 6 years.

Methods

In a multicenter, double‐blind European trial, healthy infants (N = 1,090) were randomly assigned to different protein content formulas (upper [HP] and lower [LP] limits of the European Union regulations in 2001) during the first year; breastfed infants (N = 588) were recruited for reference values.

Weight, height, and triceps and subscapular skinfold (SF) thickness were measured repeatedly (N = 650 at 6 years), and body composition was estimated (Slaughter). The 99th percentile of fat mass index reference data were used to assess excess body fat at 6 years.

Results

At 2 and 6 years, the study observed greater sum of SFs (Δ 2 years: 0.5 mm, P = 0.026, Δ 6 years: 0.6 mm, P = 0.045), fat mass index (Δ 2 years: 0.12 kg/m², P = 0.008, Δ 6 years: 0.15 kg/m², P = 0.011), and fat‐free mass index (Δ 2 years: 0.17 kg/m², P = 0.003, Δ 6 years: 0.18 kg/m², P = 0.010) in the HP group compared with the LP group. At 6 years, the HP group had a twofold higher risk than the LP group for excess body fat (adjusted odds ratio: 2.13, P = 0.019).

Conclusions

Infant formula with HP levels induced greater fat mass in children from 2 to 6 years. Lowering the protein content of infant formula may result in a healthier body composition in early childhood.

Từ khóa


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Obesity

Tập 26 Số 7

1203-1210

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