Effect of Inclined Clay Core on Embankment Dam Seepage and Stability Through LEM and FEM
Tóm tắt
Water seepage affects dam stability and loss of water from reservoirs. Consequently, seepage is an important problem in the design, implementation, and operation of embankment dams. One type of embankment dam is a non-homogeneous (zoned) dam with a clay core. Water passes through the core of the dam and loses much of its energy due to friction. Zoned embankment dams can be designed and implemented with inclined or vertical cores. In this study, the performance of inclined and vertical cores are compared using numerical models to simulate the seepage and hydraulic gradients. Also, the Limit of Equilibrium Method is used to calculate slope stability. The permeability ratio of the dam shell to the clay core is a variable. The result of this study shows that seepage with a vertical core is less than that with an inclined core. Meanwhile, the factor of safety for upstream slope failure is higher (about 55.5%) for the embankment with an inclined core compared to the vertical core case. Also, comparisons were made using different methods to calculate the stability of the slope. The Bishop’s method showed the highest safety factor and the Fellenius’ method predicts the lowest safety factor.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ahmed A, McLoughlin S, Johnston H (2015) 3D analysis of seepage under hydraulic structures with intermediate filters. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 141(1):06014019.1-06014019.6
Asadi Sakhmarsi A, Akhbari H, Purya Naeimi S, Kiapey A (2014) The effect of the cutoff wall conditions on the seepage characteristics of homogeneous earth-fill dams using SEEP/W. WALIA J 30(S2):176–182
Calamak M, Yanmaz AM (2018) Assessment of core-filter configuration performance of rock-fill dams under uncertainties. Int J Geomech. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001114
Farzampour A, Salmasi F, Mansuri B (2014) Optimum size for clay core of Alavian Earth dam by numerical simulation. Iran J Energy Environ 5(3):246–252. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2014.5.3.03
Geo-Slope (2012) Version 7.1.0 User manual. Geo Slope International, Calgary
Hasani H, Mamizadeh J, Karimi H (2013) Stability of slope and seepage analysis in earth fills dams using numerical models (case Study: Ilam DAM-Iran). World Appl Sci J 21(9):1398–1402. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.21.9.1313
Jafari F, Salmasi F, Abraham J (2019) Numerical investigation of a granular filter under the bed of a canal. Appl Water Sci 9(137):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1023-8
Ma H, Chi F (2016) Major technologies for safe construction of high earth-rockfill dams. Engineering 2(4):498–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.001
Mansuri B, Salmasi F, Oghati B (2014) Effect of location and angle of cutoff wall on uplift pressure in diversion dam. Geotech Geol Eng 32(5):1165–1173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-014-9774-3
Mortazavi SM, Soleimani S (2015) Leakage analysis of Embankment dams using SEEP/W, 3D SEEP Software. J Appl Environ Biol Sci 5(10):122–128
Nayebzadeh RA, Mohammadi M (2011) The effect of impervious clay core shape on the stability of embankment dams. Geotech Geol Eng 29(4):627–635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9395-z
Norouzi R, Salmasi F, Arvanaghi H (2020) Uplift pressure and hydraulic gradient in Sabalan Dam. Appl Water Sci 10(111):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01195-2
Nourani B, Salmasi F, Abbaspour A, Oghati B (2017) Numerical investigation of the optimum location for vertical drains in gravity dams. Geotech Geol Eng 35(2):799–808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0144-1
Novak P, Moffat AIB, Nalluri C, Narayanan R (2014) Hydraulic structures, 3rd edn. Spon Press, London
Pakbaz MS, Dardaei A, Salahshoor J (2009) Evaluation of performance of plastic concert cutoff wall in Karkheh dam using 3-D seepage analysis and measurement. J Appl Sci 9(4):724–730
Salmasi F, Mansuri B (2013) Effect of homogeneous Earth dam hydraulic conductivity ratio (kx/ky) with horizontal drain on seepage. Indian Geotech J 44(3):322–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-013-0087-x
Salmasi F, Nouri M (2017) Effect of upstream semi-impervious blanket of embankment dams on seepage. ISH J Hydraul Eng 25(2):143–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2017.1381862
Salmasi F, Khatibi R, Nourani B (2017) Investigating reduction of uplift forces by longitudinal drains with underlined canals. ISH J Hydraul Eng 23(1):57–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2017.1350605
Salmasi F, Mansuri B, Raoufi A (2015) Use of numerical simulation to measure the effect of relief wells for decreasing uplift in a homogeneous Earth Dam. Civ Eng Infrastruct J 48(1):35–45. https://doi.org/10.7508/CEIJ.2015.01.004
Salmasi F, Pradhan B, Nourani B (2019) Prediction of the sliding type and critical factor of safety in homogeneous fnite slopes. Appl Water Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1038-1
Salmasi F, Jafari F (2019) A simple direct method for prediction of safety factor of homogeneous finite slopes. Geotech Geol Eng 37(5):3949–3959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-00884-3
Salmasi F, Hosseinzadeh Dalir A, Norouzi R (2019) Investigation of the performance of horizontal drains in increasing slope stability in intense rainfall conditions by numerical simulation. Amirkabir J Civ Eng 51(3):153–156. https://doi.org/10.22060/ceej.2018.13739.5468
Salmasi F, Nourani B, Abraham J (2020) Prediction of the sliding type and critical factor of safety in homogeneous fnite slopes. J Hydrol 586:124858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124858
SPSS (Version 22) Statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 22
USBR (1987) Design of small dams, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation. Department of Interior, Col.
Whitman RV, Bailey WA (1967) Use of computers for slope stability analysis. J Soil Mech Found Eng ASCE 93(SM4):475–498
Woyshner MR, Yanful EK (1995) Modeling and field measurements of water percolation through an experimental soil cover on mine tailings. Can Geotech J 32(4):601–609