Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Property of Aerospace Punch Dies
Tóm tắt
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and property of punch dies used for precision stamping on aerospace mechanical parts. Many structural investigations were applied to identify the morphological characterization of high-speed steels with two technology variants: ordinary metallurgy (M2 and M42) and powder metallurgy (S390 PM). The results revealed that M2 HSS grades normally consist of primary carbides (peanut and skeleton-shaped M6C (tungsten and molybdenum-rich carbides) and granular-shaped MC (vanadium-rich carbide)), while M42 and S390 PM structures contain bright and grey carbide phases. The bright homogenous phase is rich in W and Fe, while the non-homogeneous carbide is rich in V and W. The results also showed that the property of HSS punch dies as estimated by micro-hardness depends on many considerations such as heat treatment conditions, the size, distribution of carbide phases, carbon content, added elements (Co and Si), and manufacturing methods.
Tài liệu tham khảo
J. Davis, Surface Engineering of Specialty Steels, vol. 5 (ASM International, Materials Park, 1994), pp. 762–775
GMBH, Selecting Materials for Punching and Forming Tools (GMBH, Krefeld, 2013)
G. Berry, M.K.A. Tornachi, Toughness and toughness behavior of two high-speed steels. Metals Technology 4, 289–295 (1977)
G. Straffelinia, G. Bizzottob, V. Zanonb, Improving the wear resistance of tools for stamping. Wear 269, 693–697 (2010)
R.A. Mesquita, C.A. Barbosa, C.S. Gonçalves, A.L. Slaviero, Effect of hardening conditions on the mechanical properties of high-speed steels. Int. Heat Treat. Surf. Eng. 5, 36–40 (2011)
M.M. Serna, E.R.B. Jesus, E. Galego, L.G. Martinez, H.P.S. Corrêa, J.L. Rossi, An overview of the microstructures present in high-speed steel-carbides. Crystallography 530, 48–52 (2006)
A.M. Bayer, B. Becherer, T. Vasco, High-Speed Tool Steels, vol. 16 (ASM International, Materials Park, 1989), pp. 51–59
R.A. Mesquita, R. Schneider, C.S. Gonçalves, Heat Treating of Irons and Steels, vol 4D, ed. by J.L. Dossett, G.E. Totten (ASM International, 2014), pp. 347–357
Uddeholm, Heat Treatment of Tool Steel (Uddeholm, Hagfors, 2012)
E. Tarney, Heat treatment of tool steels: official publication of special tool, die and machine shop industry. Tool Prod 2, 102–104 (2000)
B.A. Becherer, T.J. Witheford, Introduction to heat treating of tool steels, vol 4, ed. by J.L. Dossett, G.E. Totten (ASM International, 1991), pp. 711–725
G.V. Voort, Failures of tools and dies, in ASM Handbook, vol 11, ed. by W.T. Becker (ASM International, 1986), pp. 563–585
G. Krauss, Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance (ASM International, Materials Park, 2015)
T. Arai, Heat treating, in ASM Handbook, vol 4, p. 744 (1991)
GMBH, S390 microclean, Bohler 2005
T. Robinson, Powder metallurgy presses and tooling. Powder Metall. 7, 191–202 (2015)
J. Davis, ASM specialty handbook: tool materials, in American Society for Metals, (ASM International, Materials Park, 1995)
G. Shi, S. Zhou, P. Ding, Investigation of nonmetallic high- speed steels inclusions. Mater. Charact. 38, 19–23 (1997)
G.E. Totten, Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2006)
H. Kwon, K.B. Lee, H.R. Yang, J.B. Lee, Y.S. Kim, Secondary hardening and fracture behavior in alloy steels containing Mo, W, and Cr. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 28, 775–784 (1997)