Effect of Aging Conditions on Precipitation Hardening in Al–Si–Mg and Al–Si–Cu–Mg Alloys

R.C. Lemon, C.R. Howle, Premium strength aluminum casting alloys 354 and 359. AFS Trans. 70, 465–470 (1963)

J.G. Kaufman, E.L. Rooy, Aluminum Alloy Castings: Properties, Processing, and Applications (ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2004)

ASM Handbook Vol. 2, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials. ASM International, Materials Information Society, USA (1990)

S. Murali, K.S. Raman, K.S.S. Murthy, Effect of the trace additions (Be, Cr, Mn and Co) on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of Fe-containing Al-7Si-0.3 Mg alloy. Cast Metals 6(4), 189–198 (1994)

S. Jacob, Quality Index in predicting of properties of aluminum castings—a review. AFS Trans. 108, 811–818 (2000)

C.H. Cáceres, Microstructure design and heat treatment selection for casting alloys using the quality index. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 9(2), 215–221 (2000)

N.D. Alexopoulos, Definition of quality in cast aluminum alloys and its characterization with appropriate indices. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 15(1), 59–66 (2006)

N.D. Alexopoulos, Generation of quality maps to support material selection by exploiting the quality indices concept of cast aluminum alloys. Mater. Des. 28, 534–543 (2007)

H.R. Ammar, C. Moreau, A.M. Samuel, F.H. Samuel, H.W. Doty, Influences of alloying elements, solution treatment time and quenching media on quality indices of 413-type Al–Si casting alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 489(1–2), 426–438 (2008)

H.R. Ammar, C. Moreau, A.M. Samuel, F.H. Samuel, H.W. Doty, Effects of aging parameters on the quality of 413-type commercial alloys. Mater. Des. 30(4), 1014–1025 (2009)

H.R. Ammar, F.H. Samuel, A.M. Samuel, G.K. Sigworth, J.C. Lin, Developing superior strength and optimum quality in Al-9%Si-0.5%Mg casting alloys for structural applications. AFS Trans. 117, 149–168 (2009)

C.H. Cáceres, J. Barresi, Selection of temper and Mg content to optimize the quality index of Al–7Si–Mg casting alloys. Int. J. Cast Met. Res. 12, 377–384 (2000)

M. Drouzy, S. Jacob, M. Richard, Interpretation of tensile results by means of quality index and probable yield strength. AFS Int Cast Metals J 5, 43–50 (1980)

G.K. Sigworth, Controlling Tensile Strength in Aluminum Castings. Special Communication (2006)

G.K. Sigworth, Aluminum Casting Alloys. Special Communication (2008)

A.L. Dons, G. Heiberg, J. Voje, J.S. Mael, J.O. Løland, A. Prestmo, On the effect of additions of Cu and Mg on the ductility of Al–Si foundry alloys cast with a solidification rate of approximately 3 K/s. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 413–414, 561–566 (2005)

Y.-H. Cho, Y.-R. Im, S.-W. Kwon, H.-C. Lee, The effect of alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si cast alloys. Mater. Sci. Forum 426–432, 339–344 (2003)

M. Zeren, Effect of copper and silicon content on mechanical properties in Al-Cu-Si-Mg alloys. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 169, 292–298 (2005)

J.H. Yao, K.R. Elder, H. Guo, M. Grant, Theory and simulation of Ostwald ripening. Phys. Rev. B 4(21), 110–125 (1993)

P.W. Voorhees, G.B. McFadden, R.F. Boisvert, Numerical simulation of morphological development during Ostwald ripening. Acta Metall. 36(1), 207–222 (1988)

M.A. Moustafa, C. Lepage, F.H. Samuel, H.W. Doty, Metallographic observations on phase precipitation in strontium-modified Al-11.7% Si alloys: role of alloying elements. Int. J. Cast Met. Res. 15, 609–626 (2003)

F. Paray, B. Kulunk, J.E. Gruzleski, Impact properties of Al-Si foundry alloys. Int. J. Cast Met. Res. 13(1), 17–37 (2000)

E.A. Elsharkawi, S. Alkahtani, Role of decomposition of AlMgFeSi phase in mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of 357 alloys. Int. J. Cast Met. Res. 26(5), 262–272 (2013)

E.A. Elsharkawi, E. Samuel, A.M. Samuel, F.H. Samuel, Effects of Mg, Fe, Be additions and solution heat treatment on the π-AlMgFeSi iron intermetallic phase in Al–7Si–Mg alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 45(6), 1528–1539 (2010)

K. Matsuda, T. Naoi, K. Fujii, Y. Uetani, T. Sato, A. Kamio, S. Ikeno, Crystal structure of the β” phase in an Al–l.0mass%Mg2Si–0.4mass%Si alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 262, 232–237 (1999)

G.A. Edwards, K. Stiller, G.L. Dunlop, M.J. Couper, The precipitation sequence in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater. 46(11), 3893–3904 (1998)

S. Farè, N. Lecis, M. Vedani, Aging behaviour of Al–Mg–Si alloys subjected to severe plastic, deformation by ECAP and cold asymmetric rolling. J. Metal. Article ID 959643, 8 p. (2011). doi: 10.1155/2011/959643

B. Milkereit, N. Wanderk, C. Schick, O. Kessler, Continuous solidification precipitation diagrams of Al–Mg–Si alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 550, 87–96 (2012)

L. Hey, H. Zhang, J. Cui, Effects of pre-ageing treatment on subsequent artificial ageing characteristics of an Al–1.01 Mg–0.68 Si–1.78 Cu alloy. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 26(2), 141–145 (2010)

M. Murayama, K. Hono, Pre-precipitate clusters and precipitation processes in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater. 47, 1537–1548 (1999)

S. Wang, S. Shan, K. Matsuda, T. Kawabata, J. Nakamura, S. Ikeno, K. Kawakita, H. Takagi, T. Yamashita, Mater. Trans. 53, 1521–1528 (2012)

F.J. Tavitas-Medrano, A.M.A. Mohamed, J.E. Gruzleski, F.H. Samuel, H.W. Doty, Precipitation-hardening in cast Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 45, 641–651 (2010)

S.C. Wang, M.J. Starink, N. Gao, Precipitation hardening in Al–Cu–Mg alloys revisited. Scripta Mater. 54, 287–291 (2006)

F. Cuisiat, P. Duval, R. Graf, Etude des premiers stades de décomposition d’un alliage Al–Cu–Mg. Scr. Metall. 18(10), 1051–1056 (1984)

S.C. Wang, M.J. Starink, Precipitates and intermetallic phases in precipitation hardening Al–Cu–Mg–(Li) based alloys. Int. Mater. Rev. 50, 193–215 (2005)

N.R. Andrade-González, Aging effects in 319-type alloys. Ph.D. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 2006, p. 159–166

Z. Li, A.M. Samuel, F.H. Samuel, C. Ravindran, S. Valtierra, H.W. Doty, Factors affecting dissolution of Al2Cu phase in 319 alloys. AFS Trans. 111, Paper 03-100, 1–14 (2003)

H. Möller, G. Govender, W.E. Stumpf, P.C. Pistorius, Comparison of heat treatment response of semisolid metal processes alloys A356 and 357. Int. J. Cast Met. Res. 23(1), 37–43 (2010)

A.M. Samuel, H.W. Doty, S. Valtierra, F.H. Samuel, Effect of grain refining and Sr-modification interactions on the impact toughness of Al–Si–Mg cast alloys. Mater. Des. 56, 264–273 (2014)

J. Campbell, M. Tiryakioğlu, Review of the effect of P and Sr on modification and porosity development in Al-Si alloys.  Mater. Sci. Technol. 26, 262–268 (2010)

G.K. Sigworth, The modification of Al-Si casting alloys: Important practical and theoretical aspects. Int. J. Metalcasting. 2(2), 19–40 (2008)