Effect of 6-week course of glucagon-like peptide 1 on glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function in type 2 diabetes: a parallel-group study

Turner, 1996, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 17: a 9-year update of a randomized, controlled trial on the effect of improved metabolic control on complications in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Ann Intern Med, 124, 136, 10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_Part_2-199601011-00011

1998, Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33), Lancet, 352, 837, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07019-6

Kreymann, 1987, Glucagon-like peptide-1 7–36: a physiological incretin in man, Lancet, 2, 1300, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91194-9

Edwards, 1999, Glucagon-like peptide 1 has a physiological role in the control of postprandial glucose in humans: studies with the antagonist exendin 9–39, Diabetes, 48, 86, 10.2337/diabetes.48.1.86

Lugari, 2000, Effect of nutrient ingestion on glucagon-like peptide 1 (7–36 amide) secretion in human type 1 and type 2 diabetes, Horm Metab Res, 32, 424, 10.1055/s-2007-978665

Nauck, 1993, Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7–36 amide) in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, Diabetologia, 36, 741, 10.1007/BF00401145

Willms, 1996, Gastric emptying, glucose responses, and insulin secretion after a liquid test meal: effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)- (7–36) amide in type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 327

Toft-Nielsen, 1999, Continuous subcutaneous infusion of glucagon-like peptide 1 lowers plasma glucose and reduces appetite in type 2 diabetic patients, Diabetes Care, 22, 1137, 10.2337/diacare.22.7.1137

Wang, 1997, Glucagon-like peptide-1 can reverse the age-related decline in glucose tolerance in rats, J Clin Invest, 99, 2883, 10.1172/JCI119482

Xu, 1999, Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats, Diabetes, 48, 2270, 10.2337/diabetes.48.12.2270

Ward, 1984, Diminished B cell secretory capacity in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, J Clin Invest, 74, 1318, 10.1172/JCI111542

DeFronzo, 1979, Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance, Am J Physiol, 237, E214

Flint, 2000, Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, 38, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801083

Deacon, 1995, Both subcutaneously and intravenously administered glucagon-like peptide I are rapidly degraded from the NH2-terminus in type II diabetic patients and in healthy subjects, Diabetes, 44, 1126, 10.2337/diab.44.9.1126

Deacon, 1995, Degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 by human plasma in vitro yields an N-terminally truncated peptide that is a major endogenous metabolite in vivo, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 952

Nauck, 1996, Effects of subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 [7–36 amide]) in patients with NIDDM, Diabetologia, 39, 1546, 10.1007/s001250050613

Todd, 1997, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): a trial of treatment in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Eur J Clin Invest, 27, 533, 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1490691.x

Larsen, 2001, Glucagon-like peptide-1 infusion must be maintained for 24 h/day to obtain acceptable glycemia in type 2 diabetic patients who are poorly controlled on sulphonylurea treatment, Diabetes Care, 24, 1416, 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1416

Ritzel, 1995, Pharmacokinetic, insulinotropic, and glucagonostatic properties of GLP-1 [7–36 amide] after subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers: dose-response-relationships, Diabetologia, 38, 720, 10.1007/BF00401846

Bogardus, 1986, Increased resting metabolic rates in obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the effect of sulfonylurea therapy, Diabetes, 35, 1, 10.2337/diab.35.1.1

Carey, 1996, Abdominal fat and insulin resistance in normal and overweight women: direct measurements reveal a strong relationship in subjects at both low and high risk of NIDDM, Diabetes, 45, 633, 10.2337/diab.45.5.633

Chan, 1994, Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men, Diabetes Care, 17, 961, 10.2337/diacare.17.9.961

Goodpaster, 1999, Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity, Diabetes, 48, 839, 10.2337/diabetes.48.4.839

Markovic, 1998, The determinants of glycemic responses to diet restriction and weight loss in obesity and NIDDM, Diabetes Care, 21, 687, 10.2337/diacare.21.5.687

Vella, 2000, Effect of glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide on glucose effectiveness and insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, 49, 611, 10.2337/diabetes.49.4.611

Boden, 1997, Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM, Diabetes, 46, 3, 10.2337/diab.46.1.3

Carpentier, 2000, Prolonged elevation of plasma free fatty acids impairs pancreatic beta-cell function in obese nondiabetic humans but not in individuals with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, 49, 399, 10.2337/diabetes.49.3.399

Yki-Jarvinen, 1992, Glucose toxicity, Endocr Rev, 13, 415

Henry, 1993, Intensive conventional insulin therapy for type II diabetes: metabolic effects during a 6-mo outpatient trial, Diabetes Care, 16, 21, 10.2337/diacare.16.1.21

Stæhr, 2001, Assessment of hepatic insulin action in obese type 2 diabetic patients, Diabetes, 50, 1363, 10.2337/diabetes.50.6.1363

Porte, 1991, Banting lecture 1990: beta-cells in type II diabetes mellitus, Diabetes, 40, 166, 10.2337/diab.40.2.166

Luzi, 1989, Effect of loss of first-phase insulin secretion on hepatic glucose production and tissue glucose disposal in humans, Am J Physiol, 257, E241

Bruce, 1988, Physiological importance of deficiency in early prandial insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, Diabetes, 37, 736, 10.2337/diab.37.6.736

Rachman, 1996, Normalization of insulin responses to glucose by overnight infusion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (7–36) amide in patients with NIDDM, Diabetes, 45, 1524, 10.2337/diab.45.11.1524

Storgaard, 2001, Insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle from glucose intolerant relatives of type 2 diabetic patients, Diabetes, 50, 2770, 10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2770