Een onderzoek naar de emotionele ervaring van moeders die een bewezen effectieve opvoedingsinterventie afronden: een ‘grounded theory’-analyse
Tóm tắt
Opvoedingsinterventies zijn een goed onderzochte behandeling voor het aanpakken van gedragsproblemen van kinderen, en deze blijken daarnaast ook een positief effect te hebben op de psychosociale gezondheid van de ouders. Toch is er nog weinig bekend over de veranderingen die in de loop van zo’n interventie optreden in de emotionele ervaring van verzorgers die deze behandeling volgen. Daarom hebben we voor deze studie de emotionele ervaringen onderzocht van moeders na afloop van hun deelname aan een bewezen effectieve opvoedingsinterventie. De onderzoekers voerden daarvoor een secundaire analyse uit van bestaande kwalitatieve data. De steekproef bestond uit 17 moeders die eerder de opvoedingsinterventie GenerationPMTO hadden gevolgd, en bij wie semigestructureerde interviews werden afgenomen. De data-analyse volgde de grounded theory-benadering (gefundeerde theoriebenadering, red.) en deze bestond uit een procedure met achtereenvolgens open, axiale en selectieve codering, waarbij gebruik werd gemaakt van de methode van constante vergelijking. De bevindingen geven aan dat de emotionele ervaringen van de moeders drie afzonderlijke, maar onderling samenhangende fasen doorliepen: vóór PMTO werden hun ervaringen gekenmerkt door ‘opvoeden in tijden van crisis’ (fase 1); tijdens PMTO trad er bij de moeders een overgang naar crisisstabilisatie op (fase 2), en na afloop van PMTO beschreven ze ervaringen van beginnend herstel en veerkracht (fase 3). De emotionele ervaringen van de moeders tijdens die drie fasen deden zich voor in drie contextuele domeinen: (a) het individuele (intrapersoonlijke) niveau, (b) het niveau van de ouder-kindrelatie, en (c) het bredere, systemische niveau. De resultaten benadrukken de dynamische en evoluerende aard van de emotionele ervaring van moeders tijdens de verschillende stadia van het interventieproces, en suggereren hoe die ervaringen mogelijk samenhangen met de bevordering van effectieve opvoedingsmethoden en positieve uitkomsten bij kinderen.
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