Ecosystem vulnerability to alien and invasive species: a case study on marine habitats along the Italian coast

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems - Tập 26 Số 2 - Trang 392-409 - 2016
Giuseppe Corriero1, Cataldo Pierri1, Stefano Accoroni2, Giorgio Alabiso3, Giorgio Bavestrello4, Enrico Barbone5, Mauro Bastianini6, Anna Maria Bazzoni7, Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry6, Ferdinando Boero8, Maria Cristina Buia9, Marina Cabrini10, Elisa Camatti6, Frine Cardone1, Bruno Cataletto10, R. Cattaneo Vietti4, Ester Cecere3, Tamara Cibic10, Paolo Colangelo11, Alessandra de Olazabal10, Gianfranco D’Onghia1, Stefania Finotto6, Nicola Fiore8, Daniela Fornasaro10, Simonetta Fraschetti8, María Cristina Gambi9, Adriana Giangrande8, Cinzia Gravili8, Rosanna Guglielmo9, Caterina Longo1, Maurizio Lorenti9, Antonella Lugliè7, Porzia Maiorano1, Maria Grazia Mazzocchi9, Maria Mercurio1, Francesco Mastrototaro1, Michele Mistri12, Marina Monti10, Cristina Munari12, Luigi Musco13, Carlotta Nonnis‐Marzano1, Bachisio Mario Padedda7, F. Patti9, Antonella Petrocelli3, Stefano Piraino8, Giuseppe Portacci3, Alessandra Pugnetti6, Silvia Pulina7, Tiziana Romagnoli2, Ilaria Rosati8, Diana Sarno9, Cecilia Teodora Satta7, Nicola Sechi7, Stefano Schiaparelli4, Beatrice Scipione9, Letizia Sión1, Antonio Terlizzi8, Valentina Tirelli10, Cecilia Totti2, Angelo Tursi1, Nicola Ungaro5, Adriana Zingone9, Valerio Zupo9, Alberto Basset8
1Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
2Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
3National Research Council, Institute for Marine Coastal Environment, Taranto, Italy
4Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
5Apulian Regional Agency for the Environmental Prevention and Protection, Bari, Italy
6National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science, Venezia, Italy
7Department of Architecture, Urban Planning and Design, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
8Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
9Zoological Station Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
10National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, Trieste, Italy
11National Research Council, Institute of Ecosystem Study, Verbania-Pallanza, Italy
12Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ferrara, Italy
13National Research Council, Institute for Marine Coastal Environment, Castellammare del Golfo, (TP), Italy

Tóm tắt

AbstractSpread of alien species (AS) is a serious threat to marine habitats and analysis of principal descriptors of their occurrence is pivotal to set reliable conservation strategies.In order to assess the susceptibility of marine habitats to biological invasions, a dataset was gathered of the occurrence of 3899 species from 29 phyla, taken from 93 marine sites located along the Italian coast in the period 2000–2012.In total, 61 AS belonging to 11 phyla have been recorded. Invertebrates were the most represented (63%). Alien species were found in all the habitats examined (EUNIS, level 2), although they showed highest abundance in benthic habitats. Most of the AS were associated with a single EUNIS habitat, while some of them were present in more than one habitat. Trans‐habitat occurrence suggests the potential invasiveness of AS.According to statistical analysis, AS recorded could have been more numerous, since some of the marine habitats seemed to be still unsaturated. The model that best describes the spread of AS takes account of both native species richness (Rn) and EUNIS habitat type as explanatory variables. The number of observed AS was directly related to Rn and it was highest in rocky circalittoral and infralittoral habitats.The results of this macro‐ecological study focus on the importance of performing large‐scale studies, since adopting ecosystem approaches to marine invasion management seems especially fruitful.The results, moreover, highlight the importance of AS monitoring of different habitats, from those subjected to anthropogenic pressure, historically considered to be hubs of introduction of AS, to the most biologically rich and diverse marine habitats. Indeed, it is necessary to set monitoring strategies to detect the introduction, the distribution and persistence of AS over time. These recommendations are especially significant in the light of the strategic plans currently under formulation in Mediterranean countries with regard to AS monitoring.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Tập 26 Số 2

392-409

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