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Đánh giá rủi ro sinh thái của các kim loại nặng được chọn trong trầm tích bề mặt của ba cửa sông ở bờ biển Đông Nam Ấn Độ
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu đã điều tra sự phân bố và đánh giá rủi ro sinh thái của các kim loại nặng trong trầm tích bề mặt của cửa sông Vellar, Coleroon và Tirumalairajan. Mười lăm mẫu trầm tích từ năm địa điểm trong mỗi cửa sông đã được thu thập vào tháng 3 năm 2010, và các yếu tố như chất hữu cơ, kích thước hạt và hàm lượng kim loại (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu và Pb) đã được đặc trưng. Mức trung bình của các kim loại trong ba cửa sông theo thứ tự giảm dần là Al > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb (cửa sông Vellar và Coleroon) và Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb trong trầm tích cửa sông Tirumalairajan. Mô hình nồng độ cho thấy các giá trị trung bình của cửa sông Vellar giàu Al (20,528 μg/g), Fe (16,368 μg/g), Zn (102.7 μg/g), Mn (63.5 μg/g), Cu (47.6 μg/g) và Pb (7.9 μg/g). Nồng độ trầm tích bề mặt của Coleroon và Tirumalairajan cho thấy Al (4813 μg/g), Fe (2734 μg/g), Zn (47.6 μg/g), Mn (34.2 μg/g), Cu (23 μg/g) và Pb (9.2 μg/g) và Al (5348 μg/g), Fe (2257 μg/g), Zn (36 μg/g), Cu (23.5 μg/g), Mn (21.9 μg/g) và Pb (3.7 μg/g), tương ứng. Phân tích tương quan và phân tích cụm hai chiều cho thấy mối quan hệ tốt giữa kích thước hạt và chất hữu cơ với các kim loại. Chỉ số tích lũy địa chất (Igeo) cho thấy các giá trị của Zn (2) và Cu (1) có chút cao hơn ở cửa sông Vellar so với hai cửa sông còn lại. Giá trị yếu tố làm giàu (EF) và chỉ số tải ô nhiễm cho thấy cửa sông Vellar bị ô nhiễm nhiều hơn bởi Zn, Pb và Cu so với cửa sông Coleroon và Tirumalairajan. Nghiên cứu này gợi ý rằng việc đầu vào kim loại nặng vào cửa sông Vellar cần được điều chỉnh trong tương lai gần, đặc biệt liên quan đến Zn, Cu và Pb dựa trên mức tác động ngưỡng và các tiêu chuẩn ảnh hưởng thấp khi so sánh với hai cửa sông còn lại. Kết quả so sánh với ba cửa sông cho thấy đầu vào từ con người hơn là một quá trình tự nhiên như nguồn ô nhiễm. Nghiên cứu này sẽ giúp phát triển các chiến lược kiểm soát ô nhiễm và phục hồi trầm tích cho các môi trường cửa sông và biển.
Từ khóa
#kim loại nặng #trầm tích bề mặt #đánh giá rủi ro sinh thái #ô nhiễm môi trường #cửa sông Ấn ĐộTài liệu tham khảo
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