Ecografía pulmonar: principios y aplicaciones en kinesiterapia respiratoria

Le Neindre, 2016, Thoracic ultrasound: potential new tool for physiotherapists in respiratory management. A narrative review, J Crit Care, 31, 101, 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.10.014 Leech, 2015, Lung ultrasound for critical care physiotherapists: a narrative review, Physiother Res Int, 20, 69, 10.1002/pri.1607 Hayward, 2018, Use of thoracic ultrasound by physiotherapists: a scoping review of the literature, Physiotherapy, 104, 367, 10.1016/j.physio.2018.01.001 Gosselink, 2008, Physiotherapy for adult patients with critical illness: recommendations of the European Respiratory Society and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Task Force on Physiotherapy for Critically Ill Patients, Intensive Care Med, 34, 1188, 10.1007/s00134-008-1026-7 Strickland, 2013, AARC clinical practice guideline: effectiveness of nonpharmacologic airway clearance therapies in hospitalized patients, Respir Care, 58, 2187, 10.4187/respcare.02925 Marques, 2006, Clinically useful outcome measures for physiotherapy airway clearance techniques: a review, Phys Ther Rev, 11, 299, 10.1179/108331906X163441 Le Neindre, 2017, Place de l’échographie pulmonaire dans le processus de décision clinique du kinésithérapeute, Kinesither Rev, 17, 50 Wormser, 2017, L’échographie du diaphragme : principes et intérêts pour le kinésithérapeute, Kinesither Rev, 17, 62 Le Neindre, 2017, Intérêt de l’échographie thoracique et musculaire en kinésithérapie de réanimation, Med Intensive Reanim, 26, 425 Lichtenstein, 2014, Lung ultrasound in the critically ill, Ann Intensive Care, 4, 1, 10.1186/2110-5820-4-1 Lichtenstein, 2004, Ultrasound diagnosis of alveolar consolidation in the critically ill, Intensive Care Med, 30, 276, 10.1007/s00134-003-2075-6 Volpicelli, 2012, International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound, Intensive Care Med, 38, 577, 10.1007/s00134-012-2513-4 Bouhemad, 2007, Clinical review: bedside lung ultrasound in critical care practice, Crit Care, 11, 205, 10.1186/cc5668 Lichtenstein, 1997, The Comet-tail Artifact, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156, 1640, 10.1164/ajrccm.156.5.96-07096 Lichtenstein, 2011 Cortellaro, 2012, Lung ultrasound is an accurate diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of pneumonia in the emergency department, Emerg Med J, 29, 19, 10.1136/emj.2010.101584 Parlamento, 2009, Evaluation of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia in the ED, Am J Emerg Med, 27, 379, 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.03.009 Reissig, 2012, The role of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia, Eur J Intern Med, 23, 391, 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.01.003 Acosta, 2014, Accuracy of transthoracic lung ultrasound for diagnosing anesthesia-induced atelectasis in children, Anesthesiology, 120, 1370, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000231 Lichtenstein, 2009, The dynamic air bronchogram: a lung ultrasound sign of alveolar consolidation ruling out atelectasis, Chest, 135, 1421, 10.1378/chest.08-2281 Dietrich, 2015, Ultrasound of the pleurae and lungs, Ultrasound Med Biol, 41, 351, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.10.002 Soummer, 2012, Ultrasound assessment of lung aeration loss during a successful weaning trial predicts postextubation distress, Crit Care Med, 40, 2064, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31824e68ae Roch, 2005, Usefulness of ultrasonography in predicting pleural effusions > 500 ml in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, Chest, 127, 224, 10.1378/chest.127.1.224 Vignon, 2005, Quantitative assessment of pleural effusion in critically ill patients by means of ultrasonography, Crit Care Med, 33, 1757, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000171532.02639.08 Balik, 2006, Ultrasound estimation of volume of pleural fluid in mechanically ventilated patients, Intensive Care Med, 32, 318, 10.1007/s00134-005-0024-2 Dres, 2018, Diaphragm dysfunction during weaning from mechanical ventilation: an underestimated phenomenon with clinical implications, Crit Care, 22, 73, 10.1186/s13054-018-1992-2 Boussuges, 2009, Diaphragmatic motion studied by m-mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility, and normal values, Chest, 135, 391, 10.1378/chest.08-1541 Ayoub, 1997, Non-invasive quantification of diaphragm kinetics using m-mode sonography, Can J Anaesth, 44, 739, 10.1007/BF03013389 Testa, 2011, Ultrasound M-Mode assessment of diaphragmatic kinetics by anterior transverse scanning in healthy subjects, Ultrasound Med Biol, 37, 44, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.10.004 Soilemezi, 2013, Sonographic assessment of changes in diaphragmatic kinetics induced by inspiratory resistive loading, Respirology, 18, 468, 10.1111/resp.12011 Summerhill, 2008, Monitoring recovery from diaphragm paralysis with ultrasound, Chest, 133, 737, 10.1378/chest.07-2200 Wait, 1989, Diaphragmatic thickness-lung volume relationship in vivo, J Appl Physiol, 67, 1560, 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1560 Matamis, 2013, Sonographic evaluation of the diaphragm in critically ill patients. Technique and clinical applications, Intensive Care Med, 39, 801, 10.1007/s00134-013-2823-1 Goligher, 2015, Measuring diaphragm thickness with ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients: feasibility, reproducibility and validity, Intensive Care Med, 41, 734, 10.1007/s00134-015-3724-2 Vivier, 2012, Diaphragm ultrasonography to estimate the work of breathing during non-invasive ventilation, Intensive Care Med, 38, 796, 10.1007/s00134-012-2547-7 Ueki, 1995, In vivo assessment of diaphragm contraction by ultrasound in normal subjects, Thorax, 50, 1157, 10.1136/thx.50.11.1157 Cohn, 1997, Diaphragm thickening during inspiration, J Appl Physiol, 83, 291, 10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.291 Zambon, 2017, Assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction in the critically ill patient with ultrasound: a systematic review, Intensive Care Med, 43, 29, 10.1007/s00134-016-4524-z Boon, 2013, Two-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm: quantitative values in normal subjects, Muscle Nerve, 47, 884, 10.1002/mus.23702 Lichtenstein, 2004, Comparative diagnostic performances of auscultation, chest radiography, and lung ultrasonography in acute respiratory distress syndrome, Anesthesiology, 100, 9, 10.1097/00000542-200401000-00006 Postiaux, 2014, La kinésithérapie respiratoire du poumon profond. Bases mécaniques d’un nouveau paradigme, Rev Mal Respir, 31, 552, 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.11.009 UltraSound for Accurate Decisions in Chest PhysioTherapy – Full Text View – ClinicalTrials.gov n.d. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02881814. McMurray, 2012, Eur Heart J, 33, 1787, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs104 Liteplo, 2010, Real-time resolution of sonographic B-lines in a patient with pulmonary edema on continuous positive airway pressure, Am J Emerg Med, 28, 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.08.013 Bott, 2009, Guidelines for the physiotherapy management of the adult, medical, spontaneously breathing patient, Thorax, 64, i1, 10.1136/thx.2008.110726 Berthiaume, 2007, Alveolar edema fluid clearance and acute lung injury, Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 159, 350, 10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.010 Alcón, 2005, Pathophysiology of pneumonia, Clin Chest Med, 26, 39, 10.1016/j.ccm.2004.10.013 Yang, 2013, Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD006338 Bouhemad, 2010, Ultrasound assessment of antibiotic-induced pulmonary reaeration in ventilator-associated pneumonia, Crit Care Med, 38, 84, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b08cdb Gehmacher, 1996, Ultrasound pictures of pneumonia, Eur J Ultrasound, 3, 161, 10.1016/0929-8266(96)00145-0 Myatt, 2014, Diagnosis and management of patients with pleural effusions, Nurs Stand R Coll Nurs, 28, 51, 10.7748/ns.28.41.51.e8849 Hooper, 2010, BTS Pleural Guideline Group. Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010, Thorax, 65, ii4 Elia, 2011, Lung ultrasound in the reexpansion of pulmonary atelectasis, Intern Emerg Med, 6, 461, 10.1007/s11739-011-0574-y Cavaliere, 2011, Chest ultrasounds to guide manual reexpansion of a postoperative pulmonary atelectasis: a case report, Minerva Anestesiol, 77, 750 Reissig, 2007, Sonographic diagnosis and follow-up of pneumonia: a prospective study, Respiration, 74, 537, 10.1159/000100427 Via, 2010, Whole lung lavage: a unique model for ultrasound assessment of lung aeration changes, Intensive Care Med, 36, 999, 10.1007/s00134-010-1834-4 Bouhemad, 2011, Bedside ultrasound assessment of positive end-expiratory pressure-induced lung recruitment, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 183, 341, 10.1164/rccm.201003-0369OC Mitrouska, 2004, Effects of pleural effusion on respiratory function, Can Respir J, 11, 499, 10.1155/2004/496901 Girdhar, 2012, Management of infectious processes of the pleural space: a review, Pulm Med, 2012, e816502, 10.1155/2012/816502 Lerolle, 2009, Original research: ultrasonographic diagnostic criterion for severe diaphragmatic dysfunction after cardiac surgery, Chest, 135, 401, 10.1378/chest.08-1531 Demoule, 2013, Diaphragm dysfunction on admission to the intensive care unit. Prevalence, risk factors, and prognostic impact – a prospective study, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 188, 213, 10.1164/rccm.201209-1668OC Supinski, 2013, Diaphragm weakness in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients, Crit Care, 17, R120, 10.1186/cc12792 Jaber, 2011, Clinical review: ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction – human studies confirm animal model findings!, Crit Care, 15, 206, 10.1186/cc10023 Goligher, 2015, Evolution of diaphragm thickness during mechanical ventilation: impact of inspiratory effort, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 192, 1080, 10.1164/rccm.201503-0620OC Bonnevie, 2013, Entraînement en force des muscles inspirateurs du patient ventilé — de la dysfonction diaphragmatique au sevrage de la ventilation mécanique, Reanimation, 22, 439, 10.1007/s13546-013-0694-7 O’Donnell, 2006, Physiology and consequences of lung hyperinflation in COPD, Eur Respir Rev, 15, 61, 10.1183/09059180.00010002 Gosselink, 1995, Diaphragmatic breathing reduces efficiency of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151, 1136 Yamaguti, 2012, Diaphragmatic breathing training program improves abdominal motion during natural breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 93, 571, 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.026 Holland, 2012, Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD008250 Smargiassi, 2014, Ultrasonographic assessment of the diaphragm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: relationships with pulmonary function and the influence of body composition – a pilot study, Respiration, 87, 364, 10.1159/000358564 Corbellini, 2018, Diaphragmatic mobility loss in subjects with moderate to very severe COPD may improve after in-patient pulmonary rehabilitation, Respir Care, 63, 1271, 10.4187/respcare.06101 Le Neindre, 2015, La réhabilitation rapide après chirurgie : qu’attendre du kinésithérapeute ?, Anesth Reanim, 1, 435 Brocki, 2016, Postoperative inspiratory muscle training in addition to breathing exercises and early mobilization improves oxygenation in high-risk patients after lung cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 49, 1483, 10.1093/ejcts/ezv359 Jung, 2015, The effect of progressive high-intensity inspiratory muscle training and fixed high-intensity inspiratory muscle training on the asymmetry of diaphragm thickness in stroke patients, J Phys Ther Sci, 27, 3267, 10.1589/jpts.27.3267 Freynet, 2015, Rôle du kinésithérapeute dans le succès de l’extubation : une revue de la littérature, Reanimation, 24, 452, 10.1007/s13546-015-1082-2 Llamas-Álvarez, 2017, Diaphragm and lung ultrasound to predict weaning outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis, Chest, 152, 1140, 10.1016/j.chest.2017.08.028 Mayo, 2016, Ultrasonography evaluation during the weaning process: the heart, the diaphragm, the pleura and the lung, Intensive Care Med, 42, 1107, 10.1007/s00134-016-4245-3 Leech, 2015, Physiotherapist-initiated lung ultrasound to improve intensive care management of a deteriorating patient and prevent intubation: a case report, Physiother Theory Pract, 31, 372, 10.3109/09593985.2014.1003629 Xirouchaki, 2014, Impact of lung ultrasound on clinical decision making in critically ill patients, Intensive Care Med, 40, 57, 10.1007/s00134-013-3133-3 Ntoumenopoulos, 2018, Impact of an intensive education programme of diagnostic lung and lower limb ultrasound on physiotherapist knowledge: a pilot study, Australas J Ultrasound Med, 21, 104, 10.1002/ajum.12089