Eating Their Feelings: Examining Emotional Eating in At-Risk Groups in the United States

Aboulnasr, K., & Sivaranman, A. (2010). Food for thought: The effect of counterfactual thinking on the use of nutrition info. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 9(3), 191–205.

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1998). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423.

Andrade, E. B. (2005). Behavioral consequences of affect: Combining evaluative and regulatory mechanisms. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(12), 355–362.

Arnold, T., Landry, T., & Wood, C. (2010). Prosocial effects in youth from involvement in an experiential, cause-related marketing event. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 18(1), 41–52.

Arnow, B., Kenardy, J., & Argas, W. S. (1995). The emotional eating scale: The development of a measure to assess coping with negative affect by eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18(1), 79–90.

Bagozzi, R. P., Wong, N., Abe, S., & Bergami, M. (2000). Cultural and situational contingencies and the theory of reasoned action: Application to fast food restaurant consumption. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(2), 97–106.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.

Bekker, M., Carola, H. J., van de Meereondonk, C., & Mollerus, J. (2004). Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self-perceived emotional eating, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, 461–469.

Biltekoff, C. (2010). Consumer response: The paradoxes of food and health. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1190, 174–178.

Block, L. G., Grier, S. A., Childers, T. L., Davis, B., Ebert, J. E. J., Kumanyika, S., et al. (2010). From Nutrients to Nurturance: A Conceptual Introduction to Food Well-being. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 30, 1.

Bohon, C., Stice, E., & Spoor, S. (2009). Female emotional eaters show abnormalities in consummatory and anticipatory food reward: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42(3), 210–221.

Bradley, J. (2008). Top 100’s ad spend growth grinds to a halt. Advertising Age, 79(25), 1–2.

Brown, S. L., Schiraldi, G. R., & Wrobleski, P. P. (2009). Association of eating behaviors and obesity with psychosocial and familial influences. American Journal of Health Education, 40, 80–89.

Burton, S., & Creyer, E. (2004). What consumers don’t know can hurt them: Consumer evaluations and disease risk perceptions of restaurant menu items. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 38(Summer), 121–145.

Clark, M. S., & Isen, A. M. (1982). Towards understanding the relationship between feeling states and social behavior. In H. A. Hastorf & A. M. Alice (Eds.), Cognitive social psychology (pp. 73–108). New York: Elsevier/North-Holland.

D’Arrigo, T. (2007). Emotional eating: A sneak attack on weight loss, Diabetes Forecast, 60, 23.

Davis, E. M., Zyzanski, S. J., Olson, C., Stange, K., & Horwitz, R. (2009). Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences in the incidence of obesity related to childbirth, American Journal of Public Health, 99(February), 294–299.

Desrochers, D. M., & Holt, D. J. (2007). Children’s exposure to television advertising: implications for childhood obesity. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 26(2), 182–201.

Elfhag, K., & Linne, Y. (2005). Gender differences in associations of eating pathology between mothers and their adolescent offspring. Obesity, 13(6), 1070–76.

Eldridge, A., Stephanie, L., Smith-Warner, A., Lytle, L. A., & Murray, D. A. (1998). Comparison of 3 methods for counting fruits and vegetables for fourth-grade students in the Minnesota 5 a day power plus program, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(7), 777–783.

FDA. (2009). “Labeling and nutrition.” Retrieved from U.S. Food and Drug Administration: http://www.fda.gov/food/labelingnutrition/default.htm

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Flegal, K., Margaret, M., Carroll, D., Ogden, C. L., & Johnson, C. L. (2002). Prevalence and trends in obesity among U.S. adults, 1999–2000. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(14), 123–1727.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 16, 39–50.

Fedoroff, I., Polivy, J., & Herman, P. C. (2003). The specificity of restrained versus unrestrained eaters’ responses to food cues: General desire to eat, or craving for the cued food? Appetite, 41(1), 7–13.

Fredrickson, B., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C., & Tugade, M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 24(12), 237–258.

French, S., Story, M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Fulkerson, J., & Hannan, P. (2001). Fast food restaurant use among adolescents: Associations with nutrient intake, food choices and behavioral and psychosocial variables. International Journal of Obesity, 25, 1832–1833.

Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D. (2009). Preliminary validation of the Yale food addiction scale. Appetite, 52(2), 430–36.

Gleicher, F., David Boninger, D., Strathman, A., Armor, D., Hetts, J., & Ahn, M. (1995). With an eye toward the future: The impact of counterfactual thinking on affect, attitudes, and behavior. In N. J. Roese & J. M. Olson (Eds.), What might have been: the social psychology of counterfactual thinking (pp. 283–304). Mahwah: Erlbaum.

Goldberg, M. E., & Gunasti, K. (2007). Creating an environment in which youths are encouraged to eat a healthier diet. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 2(Fall), 162–181.

Grier, S. A., Mensinger, J., Huang, S. H., Kumanyika, S. K., & Stettler, N. (2007). Fast-food marketing and children’s fast-food consumption: Exploring parents’ influences in an ethnically diverse sample. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 26(Fall), 221–235.

Gross, J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(January), 224–237.

Gross, J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006). Emotion regulation in Everyday. In D. K. Snyder, J. A. Simpson, & J. N. Hughes (Eds.), Life emotion regulation in families (pp. 1–34). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Hair, J., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.

Harris, J. L., Bargh, J. A., & Brownell, K. D. (2009). Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior. Health Psychology, 28, 404–413.

Howlett, E., Burton, S., & Kozup, J. (2008). How modification of the nutrition facts panel influences consumers at risk for heart disease: The case of trans fat. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 27(1), 83–97.

International Association for the Study of Obesity. (2010). “Global adult obesity.” Retrieved from: http://www.iaso.org/policy/aboutobesity/

Isen, A. (1984). The influence of positive affect on decision making and cognitive organization. Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 534–537.

Keller, S. B., Olson, J., Landry, M., Velliquette, A. M., Burton, S., & Andrews, J. C. (1997). The effects of nutrition package claims, nutrition facts labels, and motivation to process nutrition information on consumer product evaluations. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 16(1), 256–69.

Kemp, E., Burton, S., Creyer, E. H., & Suter, T. A. (2007). When do nutrient content and nutrient content claims matter? Assessing consumer trade-offs between carbohydrates and fat. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 41(1), 47–73.

Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data aanalysis in social psychology. The handbook of social psychology (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Kersh, R., & Morone, J. A. (2005). Obesity, courts and the new politics of public health. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 30(5), 839.

Manson, J. E., & Bassuk, S. S. (2003). Obesity in the United States: A fresh look at its high toll. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(2), 299–230.

Manzoni, G. M., Pagnini, F., Gorini, A., Preziosa, A., Castelnuovo, G., Molinari, E., et al. (2009). Can relaxation training reduce emotional eating in women with obesity? An exploratory study with 3 months of follow-up. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(8), 1427–32.

Martin, E. W. (2001). Emotional eating. Psychology Today, 34, 20.

Martin, L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer (Ed.), Advances in social cognition, vol. 9 (pp. 1–48). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Moore, D. J., & Bovell, L. J. (2008). The affective-cognitive model of stimulus-based affect: Individual differences in response to the vividness of product descriptions? Advances in Consumer Research, 35, 695–696.

Mehta, A., & Pruvis, S. C. (2006). Reconsidering recall and emotions in advertising, Journal of Advertising Research (March), 46, 49–56.

Mohr, P., Wilson, C., Dunn, K., Brindal, E., & Wittert, G. (2007). Personal and lifestyle characteristics predictive of the consumption of fast foods in Australia. Public Health Nutrition, 90(12), 1456–1463.

Morris, W., & Reilly, N. P. (1987). Toward the self-regulation of mood: Theory and research. Motivation and Emotion, 11, 215–249.

Nielsen Media. (2009). Nielsen Strategic Planner.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 155–121.

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Obesity, F., & Week, W. (2006). Eating disorders: Emotional eating haunts millions of American. Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week, 18, 668.

Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1549–1555.

Patel, K. A., & Schlundt, D. A. (2001). Impact of moods and social context on eating behavior. Appetite, 36, 111–118.

Peeters, A., Barendregt, J. J., Willekens, F., Mackenbach, J. P., Al Mamun, A., & Bonneux, L. (2003). Obesity in adulthood and its consequences for life expectancy: A life-table analysis. Annuals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 24–32.

Rothschild, M. L. (1999). Carrots, sticks, and promises: A conceptual framework for the management of public health and social issue behaviors. Journal of Marketing, 63(4), 24–37.

Scharff, R. L. (2009). Obesity and hyperbolic discounting: Evidence and implications. Journal of Consumer Policy, 32, 33–21.

Seiders, K., & Petty, R. D. (2004). Obesity and the role of food marketing: A policy analysis of issues and remedies. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 23(Fall), 153–169.

Spoor, S. T. (2007). New life sciences study results from University of Texas, Department of Psychology. Women’s Health Weekly, 28, 149.

Synovate. (2009). “A matter of taste?” Retrieved from: http://www.synovate.com/news/article/2009/06/a-matter-of-taste-synovate-survey-weighs-food-issues.html

Tabor, E. (2006). Review for handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory and applications. Psychiatric Services, 5(April), 585–586.

Thomaselli, R. (2007). GSK diet drug: From failure to blockbuster. Advertising Age, 78(July), 3–5.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Healthy people 2010: Understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health (2nd ed.). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Van Strien, T., Frijters, J. E. R., Bergers, G. P. A., & Defares, P. B. (1986). The Dutch Eating Behaviour questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional and external eating behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 5, 747–755.

Van Strien, T. (2000). Ice-cream consumption, tendency toward overeating, and personality. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 460–464.

Viswanathan, M., Hastak, M., & Gau, R. (2009). Understanding and facilitating the usage of nutritional labels by low-literate consumers. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 28(2), 135–145.

Warner, G. (2010). “GSK to fund film on emotional eating.” Marketplace Morning Reports, January 22

Wicks, J. L., Warren, R., Fosu, I., & Wicks, R. H. (2009). Dual modality disclaimers, emotional appeals and production techniques in food advertising airing during programs rated for children: Is there a good balance? Journal of Advertising, 38(4), 93–105.