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Thiếu ngủ trong giai đoạn đầu đời giảm đáng kể sản xuất melatonin và chức năng sinh năng của tuyến tùng: những hệ lụy tiềm tàng đối với sự phát triển thiếu hụt chuyển hóa
Tóm tắt
Thiếu ngủ trong giai đoạn đầu đời (ESD) là một tình trạng nghiêm trọng với các hệ quả chuyển hóa nghiêm trọng. Hormone melatonin do tuyến tùng tiết ra đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc điều chỉnh cân bằng chức năng chuyển hóa. Trong bối cảnh việc tăng cường dòng Ca2+ qua trung gian norepinephrine và sự kích hoạt protein kinase A (PKA) sau đó có trách nhiệm cho việc phosphoryl hóa protein liên kết với yếu tố phản ứng cAMP (CREB) và tổng hợp melatonin, nghiên cứu hiện tại đã xác định liệu sự biểu hiện Ca2+, cùng với các cơ chế phân tử tham gia vào sản xuất melatonin có sự thay đổi đáng kể sau ESD hay không. Các chú chuột vừa cai sữa bị ESD mãn tính và duy trì theo chu kỳ tự nhiên (chu kỳ sáng: tối = 12:12) cho đến tuổi trưởng thành đã được xử lý bằng phương pháp quang phổ khối khí ion thứ cấp thời gian bay, cùng với điện di và hóa mô miễn dịch kết hợp với xét nghiệm phổ để phát hiện tín hiệu Ca2+, thụ thể adren, PKA, CREB phosphoryl hóa (pCREB) cũng như mức melatonin trong huyết thanh. Chức năng sinh năng và chuyển hóa của tuyến tùng được xác định bằng cách đo hoạt tính cytochrome oxidase và mức glucose, triglyceride, insulin, lipoprotein mật độ cao và thấp trong huyết thanh. Kết quả cho thấy rằng ở những con chuột bình thường, tín hiệu Ca2+ mạnh mẽ cùng với hoạt động thụ thể adren, PKA và pCREB đều được phát hiện trong các tế bào tuyến tùng. Hình ảnh và tín hiệu Ca2+ nâng cao tương ứng tốt với chức năng sinh năng không bị tổn hại, sản xuất melatonin bình thường và hoạt động chuyển hóa. Tuy nhiên, sau ESD, không chỉ Ca2+ mà cả các hoạt động tín hiệu tuyến tùng đều giảm đáng kể. Phân tích máu cho thấy mức melatonin giảm và chức năng chuyển hóa bị suy giảm sau ESD. Vì con đường tín hiệu trung gian Ca2+ và sự tổng hợp melatonin bị suy giảm có sự tương quan tích cực với sự phát triển của rối loạn trao đổi chất, việc bổ sung melatonin trong trẻ em có thể là một phương pháp thực tiễn để ngăn ngừa hoặc khắc phục sự thiếu hụt chuyển hóa do ESD gây ra.
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