Early formal schooling: Are we promoting achievement or anxiety?

Bereiter, 1986, Does direct instruction cause delinquency?, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 1, 289, 10.1016/0885-2006(86)90036-0 Bereiter, 1966 Bloch, 1989, What history tells us about public school for 4-year-olds, Theory Into Practice, 28, 11, 10.1080/00405848909543373 Bowman, 1985, Child care and the public schools: Clarifying the issues from the black viewpoint 1987 Bruner, 1966 Burts, 1992, Observed activities and stress behaviors of children in developmentally appropriate and inappropriate kindergarten classrooms, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 7, 297, 10.1016/0885-2006(92)90010-V Burts, 1990, A comparison of frequencies of stress behaviors observed in kindergarten children in classrooms with developmentally appropriate versus developmentally inappropriate instructional practices, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 5, 407, 10.1016/0885-2006(90)90030-5 Carnine, 1988, Kindergarten for economically disadvantaged children: The direct instruction component, 73 Committee for Economic Development, 1987 Council of Chief State School Officers, 1988 Deci, 1985 Delpit, 1988, The silenced dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people's children, Harvard Educational Review, 58, 280, 10.17763/haer.58.3.c43481778r528qw4 DeVries, 1991, Sociomoral development in direct-instruction, eclectic, and constructivist kindergartens: A study of children's enacted interpersonal understanding, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 6, 473, 10.1016/0885-2006(91)90031-F Durkin, 1987, A classroom-observation study of reading instruction in kindergarten, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2, 275, 10.1016/0885-2006(87)90036-6 Elkind, 1981 Elkind, 1986, Formal education and early childhood education; an essential difference, Phi Delta Kappan, 68, 631 Elkind, 1987 Fowell, 1992, An alternative view of appropriate practice in early childhood education, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 7, 53, 10.1016/0885-2006(92)90019-U Fowler, 1983 Gallagher, 1987, Hothousing: The clinical and educational concerns over pressuring young children, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2, 203, 10.1016/0885-2006(87)90030-5 1987, 2 Gersten, 1986, Response to “Consequences to three preschool curriculum models through age 15.”, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 1, 293, 10.1016/0885-2006(86)90037-2 Gersten, 1988, Effectiveness of a direct instruction academic kindergarten for low-income students, The Elementary School Journal, 89, 227, 10.1086/461575 Goffin, 1992, Early childhood education and the public school: The necessity for building relationships, Early Education and Development, 3, 83, 10.1207/s15566935eed0302_2 1992, 3 Goodnow, 1988, Parents' ideas, actions, and feelings: Models and methods from developmental and social psychology, Child Development, 59, 72, 10.2307/1130312 Hall, 1885, Overpressure in schools, The Nation, 41, 338 Harter, 1981, A model of mastery motivation in children: Individual differences and developmental change, Vol. 140, 215 1990 Hirsh-Pasek, 1991, Pressure or challenge in preschool? How academic environments affect children, New Directions for Child Development, 53, 39, 10.1002/cd.23219915307 Hirsh-Pasek, 1990, Academic environments in preschool: Do they pressure or challenge young children?, Early Education and Development, 1, 401, 10.1207/s15566935eed0106_1 Jipson, 1991, Developmentally appropriate practice: Culture, curriculum, and connections, Early Education and Development, 2, 120, 10.1207/s15566935eed0202_4 1987 Kamii, 1985, Leading primary education toward excellence: Beyond worksheets and drill, Young Children, 40, 3 Katz, 1988, Engaging children's minds; the implications of research for early childhood education, 32 Lay-Dopyera, 1990, The child-centered curriculum, 207 Lazar, 1982, The lasting effects of early education: A report from the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 47, 2, 10.2307/1165938 Lepper, 1978, Turning play into work: Effects of adult surveillance and extrinsic reward on children's intrinsic motivation, 109 Maccoby, 1983, Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction, 1 McCartney, 1988, Child care and attachment: A new frontier the second time around, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58, 6, 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1988.tb01563.x McGillicuddy-DeLisi, 1982, Parental beliefs about developmental processes, Human Development, 25, 192, 10.1159/000272796 McGillicuddy-DeLisi, 1982, The relationships between parents' beliefs about development and family constellation, socieconomic status, and parents' teaching strategies, 261 McKey, 1985, The impact of Head Start on children, families, and communities Miller, 1983, The Louisville Experiment: A comparison of four programs, 25 Miller, 1988, Parents' beliefs about children's cognitive development, Child Development, 59, 259, 10.2307/1130311 Miller, 1992, Beliefs about children: A comparative study of mothers, teachers, peers, and self, Child Development, 63, 1251, 10.2307/1131531 Moore, 1987, Child care in the public schools: Public accountability and the black child, 83 Moyer, 1987, The child-centered kindergarten, Childhood Education, 64, 235, 10.1080/00094056.1987.10522369 1988 1991 National Education Goals Panel, 1991 1990 Ogbu, 1981, Origins of human competence: A culturalecological perspective, Child Development, 52, 413, 10.2307/1129158 Osborn, 1980 Phillips, 1987, Indicators of quality in child care: Review of research Phillips, 1990, The developmental course of perceived competence and incompetence among competent children, 41 Ramey, 1991, Poverty, early childhood education, and academic competence: The Abecedarian experiment, 190 Rawl, 1982, A comparison of three prereading approaches for kindergarten students, Reading Improvement, 19, 205 1991, 53 Ryan, 1985, A motivational analysis of self-determination and self-regulation, 13 Scarr, 1993, Issues, Perspective, and Results, Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 613, 10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.003145 Schweinhart, 1986, Consequences of three preschool curriculum models through age 15, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 1, 15, 10.1016/0885-2006(86)90005-0 Shepard, 1988, Escalating academic demand in kindergarten: Counterproductive policies, The Elementary School Journal, 89, 135, 10.1086/461568 Sigel, 1982, The relationship between parents' distancing strategies and the child's cognitive behavior, 47 Sigel, 1985, A conceptual analysis of beliefs, 347 Sigel, 1987, Does hothousing rob children of their childhood?, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2, 211, 10.1016/0885-2006(87)90031-7 Sigel, 1984, Parents as teachers of their children: A distancing behavior model, 71 Smith, 1975, Evaluation findings in Head Start Planned Variation, 101 Spodek, 1988, Conceptualizing today's kindergarten curriculum, The Elementary School Journal, 89, 203, 10.1086/461573 Spodek, 1991, Reconceptualizing early childhood education: A commentary, Early Education and Development, 2, 161, 10.1207/s15566935eed0202_7 Stigler, 1987, Mathematics classrooms in Japan, Taiwan, and the United States, Child Development, 58, 1272, 10.2307/1130620 Stipek, 1981, Children's perceptions of their own and their classmates' ability, Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 404, 10.1037/0022-0663.73.3.404 Stipek, 1988 Stipek, D. (in press-a). Is child-centered early childhood education really better? In S. Reifal (Ed.), Advances in early education and day care. Greenwich, CT. Stipek, D. (in press-b). Motivation and instruction. In D. Berliner & R. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of Educational Psychology. New York: Macmillan. Stipek, 1992, Characterizing early childhood education programs for poor and middle-class children, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 7, 1, 10.1016/0885-2006(92)90015-Q Stipek, 1980, Development of children's performance-related judgments, Child Development, 51, 912, 10.2307/1129485 Stipek, 1992 Stipek, 1984, Children's judgments of their own and their peers' academic competence, Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 75, 10.1037/0022-0663.76.1.75 1991, 2 U.S. Department of Commerce, 1992, Who's minding the kids? Child care arrangements: Fall 1988, 70 Walsh, 1989, Changes in kindergarten: Why here? Why now?, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 4, 377, 10.1016/0885-2006(89)90022-7 Walsh, 1991, Extending the discourse on developmental appropriateness: A developmental perspective, Early Education and Development, 2, 109, 10.1207/s15566935eed0202_3 White, 1959, Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence, Psychological Review, 66, 297, 10.1037/h0040934 Zuckerman, 1987, Plus ca change: The high-tech child in historical perspective, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2, 255, 10.1016/0885-2006(87)90034-2