EVALUATION OF PAIN IN THE CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT

Critical Care Clinics - Tập 15 Số 1 - Trang 35-54 - 1999
Robin J. Hamill-Ruth1, M. Lynn Marohn
1Pain Management Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, USA.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abu-Saad, 1984, Assessing children's responses to pain, Pain, 19, 163, 10.1016/0304-3959(84)90836-4

Ambuel, 1992, Assessing distress in pediatric intensive care environments: The COMFORT Scale, J Pediatr Psychol, 17, 95, 10.1093/jpepsy/17.1.95

Barrier, 1989, Measurement of post-operative pain and narcotic administration in infant using a new clinical scoring system, Intensive Care Med, 37, 10.1007/BF00260883

Beyer, 1986, Content validity of an instrument to measure young children's perception of the intensity of their pain, J Pediatr Nurs, 1, 386

Bloom, 1995, Bispectral index measures EEG changes due to response to stimulus, Anesthesiology, 83, A51

Broadman, 1988, Testing the validity of an objective pain scale for infants and children, Anesthesiology, 69, A770, 10.1097/00000542-198809010-00770

Cedarbaum, 1990, Drugs for Parkinson's disease, spasticity, and acute muscle spasm, 480

Chambers, 1996, Development and preliminary validation of a postoperative pain measure for parents, Pain, 68, 307, 10.1016/S0304-3959(96)03209-5

Chen, 1989, Human pain responsivity in a tonic pain model: Psychological determinants, Pain, 37, 143, 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90126-7

Choiniere, 1990, Comparison between patients' and nurses' assessment of pain and medication efficacy in severe burns, Pain, 40, 143, 10.1016/0304-3959(90)90065-L

Cornish, 1997, Pain management in the critically ill, Problems in Anesthesia, 9, 419

Croog, 1961, Ethnic origins, educational level and responses to a health questionnaire, Human Organization, 20, 65, 10.17730/humo.20.2.j25374424200ht1k

Davis, 1988, Epidemiology of osteoarthritis, Clin Geriatr Med, 4, 241, 10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30746-8

Desbiens, 1996, Pain and satisfaction with pain control in seriously ill hospitalized patients: Findings from the SUPPORT research investigations, Crit Care Med, 24, 1953, 10.1097/00003246-199612000-00005

Dilsaver, 1987, Antidepressant withdrawal syndromes: Phenomenology and physiopathology, Int Clin Psychopharm, 2, 1, 10.1097/00004850-198701000-00001

Fagerhaugh, 1974, Pain expression and control on a burn care unit, Nursing Outlook, 22, 645

Ferraz, 1990, Reliability of pain scales in the assessment of literate and illiterate patients with rheumatoid arthritis, J Rheumatol, 17, 1022

Hamill, 1994, The physiologic and metabolic response to pain and stress, 39

Harkins, 1992, Assessment of pain in the elderly, 315

Infrati, 1986, Pain on the burn unit: Patient vs. nurse perceptions, J Burn Care Rehab, 7, 413, 10.1097/00004630-198609000-00008

Jensen, 1986, The measurement of clinical pain intensity: A comparison of six methods, Pain, 27, 117, 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90228-9

Johnston, 1988, Acoustical attributes of infant pain cries: Discriminating features

Kehlet, 1986, Pain relief and modification of the stress response, 49

Koopman, 1984, Ethnicity in the reported pain, emotional distress and requests of medical outpatients, Soc Sci Med, 18, 487, 10.1016/0277-9536(84)90005-4

Krechel, 1995, CRIES: A new neonatal postoperative measurement score. Initial testing of validity and reliability, Paediatric Anaesth, 5, 53, 10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00242.x

Larson, 1993, Pupillary response to noxious stimulation during isoflurane and propofol anesthesia, Anesth Analg, 76, 1072, 10.1213/00000539-199305000-00028

Lejoyeaux, 1997, Antidepressant discontinuation: A review of the literature, J Clin Psychiatry, 58, 11

Leslie, 1996, Prediction of movement during propofol/nitrous oxide anesthesia: Performance of concentration, electroencephalographic, pupillary and hemodynamic indicators, Anesthesiology, 84, 52, 10.1097/00000542-199601000-00006

Lin, 1983, Intraethnic characteristics and the patient-physician interaction: “Cultural blind spot syndrome.”, J Fam Pract, 16, 91

Lloyd-Thomas, 1995, Assessment and control of pain in children (Editorial), Anaesth, 50, 753, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb06134.x

Loeser, 1980, Perspectives on pain

Manne, 1992, Assessments of acute pediatric pain: do child self-report, parent ratings, and nurse ratings measure the same phenomenon?, Pain, 48, 45, 10.1016/0304-3959(92)90130-4

Marvin, 1995, Pain assessment versus measurement, J Burn Care & Rehab, 3, 348, 10.1097/00004630-199505001-00003

McCaffrey, 1997, Pain ratings: The fifth vital sign, Am J Nursing, 97, 15, 10.1097/00000446-199702000-00010

McGrath, 1995, Pain in the pediatric patient: Practical aspects of assessment, Ped Annals, 24, 126, 10.3928/0090-4481-19950301-06

McGrath, 1985, CHEOPS: A behavioral scale for rating postoperative pain in children, 395

McGrath, 1996, A new analogue scale for assessing children's pain: An initial validation study, Pain, 64, 435, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00171-9

Melzack, 1975, The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods, Pain, 1, 277, 10.1016/0304-3959(75)90044-5

Melzack, 1994, Pain measurement in persons in pain, 337

Moore, 1996, Combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches in understanding pain, J Dental Ed, 60, 709, 10.1002/j.0022-0337.1996.60.8.tb03067.x

Moss, 1991, The role of pain in the last year of life of older persons, J Gerontol, 46, 51, 10.1093/geronj/46.2.P51

Neill, 1993, Ethnic pain styles in acute myocardial infarction, West J Nurs Res, 15, 531, 10.1177/019394599301500502

Pain terms, 1979, A list with definitions and notes on usage. Recommended by the IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy, Pain, 6, 249

Ramsey, 1974, Controlled sedation with alphaxolone-alphadolone, Br Med J, 2, 656, 10.1136/bmj.2.5920.656

Rosenbaum, 1997, Clinical management of antidepressant discontinuation, J Clin Psychiatry, 58, 37

Rosenberg, 1997, Pain management, Vol 9, 574

Rowlingson, 1994, The assessment of pain, 13

Schade, 1996, Comparison of three preverbal scales for postoperative pain assessment in a diverse pediatric sample, J Pain Symptom Manage, 12, 348, 10.1016/S0885-3924(96)00182-0

Schatzberg, 1997, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome: A hypothetical definition, J Clin Psychiatry, 58, 5

Schulte J, Marvin JA, Sandridge CH. Can nurses assess patients' pain: Fact or fallacy? Presented at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the American Burn Association, Washington, DC, April 29-May 2, 1987

Shah, 1996, Does bispectral index of EEG (BIS) correlate with Ramsey sedation score in ICU patients?, Anesthesiology, 85, A469

Shah, 1996, The bispectral index of EEG can predict response in intensive care unit patients, Anesthesiology, 85, A281

Swinamer, 1988, Effect of routine administration of analgesia on energy expenditure in critically ill patients, Chest, 92, 4, 10.1378/chest.93.1.4

Syrjala, 1987, The measurement of pain, 133

Wilson, 1996, Validation of three paediatric pain scores for use by parents, Anaesth, 51, 1005, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14991.x

Wong, 1988, Pain in children: Comparison of assessment scales, Pediatr Nurs, 14, 9

Zborowski, 1969, 14

Zola, 1966, Culture and symptoms: An analysis of patients' presenting complaints, Am Sociol Rev, 31, 615, 10.2307/2091854