EFFECTS OF GYPSY MOTH DEFOLIATION ON FOREST BIRDS: AN ASSESSMENT USING BREEDING BIRD CENSUS DATA

10.2307/2426843

Bell, J. L. and R. C. Whitmore. 1997. b. Eastern Towhee numbers increase following defoliation by gypsy moths. Auk 114:708–724.

Campbell, R. W. and R. J. Sloan. 1977. Forest stand responses to defoliation by the gypsy moth. For. Sci. Monogr 19:1–34.

10.2307/3809663

Cooper, R. J., K. M. Dodge, D. K. Thurber, R. C. Whitmore, and H. R. Smith. 1993. Response of ground-level wildlife food plants to canopy defoliation by the gypsy moth. Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agencies 47:268–275.

DeGraaf, R. M. 1987. Breeding birds and gypsy moth defoliation: short-term responses of species and guilds. Wildl. Soc. Bull 15:217–221.

DeGraaf, R. M. and D. G. Holland. 1978. Response of breeding birds to gypsy moth defoliation of an upland oak habitat. Trans. Northeast Sect. Wildl. Soc 35:105–119.

Fisher, E. and C. Ziegenfus. 1984. Breeding Bird Census results. Am. Birds 38:76–77.

Fosbroke, D. E., R. R. Hicks Jr, and K. W. Gottschalk. 1991. Predicting tree mortality following gypsy moth defoliation. Proc. Ann. Central Hardwoods Conf 8:583–585.

Holmes, R. T., T. W. Sherry, P. P. Marra, and K. E. Petit. 1992. Multiple brooding and productivity of a neotropical migrant, the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica carulescens), in an unfragmented temperate forest. Auk 109:321–333.

10.2307/1368536

Leckey, T., S. Nord, and S. Benz. 1983. Breeding Bird Census results. Am. Birds 37:55.

Magee, A. 1979. Breeding Bird Census results. Am. Birds 33:72.

Magee, A. 1993. Breeding Bird Census results. J. Field Ornithol 64:(Suppl.). 37–38.

Marshall, R. M. 1991. Resident bird counts 1990. J. Field Ornithol 62:(Suppl.). 3–5.

10.2307/4089281

10.2307/1938747

Roth, R. R. and R. K. Johnson. 1993. Long-term dynamics of a wood thrush population breeding in a forest fragment. Auk 110:37–48.

10.2307/1369605

Smith, H. R. 1985. Wildlife and the gypsy moth. Wildl. Soc. Bull 13:166–174.

10.2307/3809321

U.S.D.A. Forest Service 1992. Gypsy Moth News 30:1–14.

Webb, R. E., G. B. White, K. W. Thorpe, and S. E. Talley. 1999. Quantitative analysis of a pathogen-induced premature collapse of a “leading edge” gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) population in Virginia. J. Entomol. Sci 34:84–100.

Whelan, C. J., R. T. Holmes, and H. R. Smith. 1989. Bird predation on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae: an aviary study. Environ. Entomol 18:43–54.