Dysregulation of mTOR Signaling in Fragile X Syndrome

Journal of Neuroscience - Tập 30 Số 2 - Trang 694-702 - 2010
Abhijeet Sharma1, Charles A. Hoeffer2, Yukihiro Takayasu3,1, Takahiro Miyawaki4,1, Sean McBride1, Eric Klann2, R. Suzanne Zukin1
1Yeshiva University
2New York University
3Gunma University
4Jichi Medical University;

Tóm tắt

Fragile X syndrome, the most common form of inherited mental retardation and leading genetic cause of autism, is caused by transcriptional silencing of theFmr1gene. The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the gene product ofFmr1, is an RNA binding protein that negatively regulates translation in neurons. TheFmr1knock-out mouse, a model of fragile X syndrome, exhibits cognitive deficits and exaggerated metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent long-term depression at CA1 synapses. However, the molecular mechanisms that link loss of function of FMRP to aberrant synaptic plasticity remain unclear. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade controls initiation of cap-dependent translation and is under control of mGluRs. Here we show that mTOR phosphorylation and activity are elevated in hippocampus of juvenileFmr1knock-out mice by four functional readouts: (1) association of mTOR with regulatory associated protein of mTOR; (2) mTOR kinase activity; (3) phosphorylation of mTOR downstream targets S6 kinase and 4E-binding protein; and (4) formation of eukaryotic initiation factor complex 4F, a critical first step in cap-dependent translation. Consistent with this, mGluR long-term depression at CA1 synapses of FMRP-deficient mice is exaggerated and rapamycin insensitive. We further show that the p110 subunit of the upstream kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its upstream activator PI3K enhancer PIKE, predicted targets of FMRP, are upregulated in knock-out mice. Elevated mTOR signaling may provide a functional link between overactivation of group I mGluRs and aberrant synaptic plasticity in the fragile X mouse, mechanisms relevant to impaired cognition in fragile X syndrome.

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Journal of Neuroscience

Tập 30 Số 2

694-702

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