Dysfunctional reasoning processes and their relationship with feared self-perceptions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: An investigation with a new task-based measure of inferential confusion

Aardema, 2020, COVID-19, obsessive-compulsive disorder and invisible life forms that threaten the self, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 26, 100558, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100558 Aardema, 2019 Aardema, 2005, Inferential confusion, cognitive change and treatment outcome in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 12, 337, 10.1002/cpp.464 Aardema, 2017, The role of feared possible selves in obsessive–compulsive and related disorders: A comparative analysis of a core cognitive self-construct in clinical samples, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 1 Aardema, 2013, Fear of self and obsessionality: Development and validation of the fear of self questionnaire, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2, 306, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.05.005 Aardema, 2003, Seeing white bears that are not there: Inference processes in obsessions, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17, 23, 10.1891/jcop.17.1.23.58270 Aardema, 2007, The menace within: Obsessions and the self, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21, 182, 10.1891/088983907781494573 Aardema, 2009, The quantification of doubt in obsessive-compulsive disorder, International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2, 188, 10.1521/ijct.2009.2.2.188 Aardema, 2008, Inferential confusion, obsessive beliefs and obsessive–compulsive symptoms: A multidimensional investigation of cognitive domains, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 15, 227, 10.1002/cpp.581 Aardema, 2019 Aardema, 2018, Reduced fear‐of‐self is associated with improvement in concerns related to repugnant obsessions in obsessive–compulsive disorder, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 327, 10.1111/bjc.12214 Aardema, 2011, Imaginative, dissociative, and schizotypal processes in obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 74, 10.1002/jclp.20729 Aardema, 2010, The expanded version of the inferential confusion questionnaire: Further development and validation in clinical and non-clinical samples, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 448, 10.1007/s10862-009-9157-x Aardema, 2018, The relationship of inferential confusion and obsessive beliefs with specific obsessive-compulsive symptoms, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 18, 98, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.03.004 Abramowitz, 2014, The relevance of analogue studies for understanding obsessions and compulsions, Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 206, 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.004 Althubaiti, 2016, Information bias in health research: Definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods, Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 9, 211, 10.2147/JMDH.S104807 Anholt, 2014, Do we need a cognitive theory for obsessive-compulsive disorder?, Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 11 Audet, 2020, Not all intrusions are created equal: The role of context, feared-self perceptions and inferential confusion in the occurrence of abnormal intrusions, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 100537, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100537 Baraby, 2019, Feared self-perception interacts with dysfunctional reasoning in the prediction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms Belloch, 2010, Dysfunctional belief domains related to obsessive-compulsive disorder: A further examination of their dimensionality and specificity, Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13, 376, 10.1017/S1138741600003930 Bhar, 2016, The self-concept: Theory and research, 8 Coimbra-Gomes, 2020, Ego-dystonic stance-taking in sexual orientation obsessive-compulsive disorder, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 27, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100576 Doron, 2020, Self-vulnerabilities, attachment and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms: Examining the moderating role of attachment security on fear of self, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 27, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100575 Field, 2013, Vol. 4 Gagné, 2018, From the laboratory to the clinic (and back again): How experiments have informed cognitive–behavior therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder, Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 9, 10.1177/2043808718810030 García-Soriano, 2014, Intrusive thoughts in obsessive–compulsive disorder and eating disorder patients: A differential analysis, European Eating Disorders Review, 22, 191, 10.1002/erv.2285 Hayes, 2017 Henry, 2005, The short‐form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 227, 10.1348/014466505X29657 Jaeger, 2015, The role of fear of self and responsibility in obsessional doubt processes: A bayesian hierarchical model, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34, 839, 10.1521/jscp.2015.34.10.839 Julien, 2008, Specificity of belief domains in OCD: Validation of the French version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire and a comparison across samples, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 1029, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.11.003 Julien, 2016, The inference-based approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comprehensive review of its etiological model, treatment efficacy, and model of change, Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 187, 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.060 Krause, 2020, It's not so much about what you touch: Mental contamination mediates the relationship between feared self-perceptions and contact contamination, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 25, 100507, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100507 Lovibond, 1995, The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335, 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U Mantz, 2017, The relationship between responsibility beliefs and symptoms and processes in obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 14, 13, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.04.002 Melli, 2016, Fear of self and unacceptable thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 23, 226, 10.1002/cpp.1950 Moulding, 2014, Repugnant obsessions: A review of the phenomenology, theoretical models, and treatment of sexual and aggressive obsessional themes in OCD, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3, 161, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.11.006 Nikodijevic, 2015, Fear of self, doubt and obsessive compulsive symptoms, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 49, 164, 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.02.005 O'Connor, 2013, Distrust of the senses, imagined possibilities, reasoning errors and doubt generation in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 10 1997, Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 667, 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00017-X 2001, Development and initial validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 987, 10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00085-1 2003, Psychometric validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory: Part I, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 863, 10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00099-2 2005, Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory—Part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1527, 10.1016/j.brat.2004.07.010 O'Connor, 2012 O'Connor, 2005 O'Connor, 2012, A review of the inference-based approach to obsessive compulsive disorder, Verhaltenstherapie, 22, 47, 10.1159/000333414 O'Connor, 1995, Inference processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Some clinical observations, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 887, 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00042-V O'Connor, 1999, A cognitive approach to the treatment of primary inferences in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 13, 359, 10.1891/0889-8391.13.4.359 Paradisis, 2015, Schizotypal, dissociative, and imaginative processes in a clinical OCD sample, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71, 606, 10.1002/jclp.22173 Preacher, 2004, SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models, Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers, 36, 717, 10.3758/BF03206553 Rachman, 1997, A cognitive theory of obsessions, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 793, 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00040-5 Rachman, 1998, A cognitive theory of obsessions: Elaborations, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 385, 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10041-9 Radomsky, 2006, Psychometric properties of the French and English versions of the vancouver obsessional‐compulsive inventory and the symmetry ordering and arranging questionnaire, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 35, 164, 10.1080/16506070600827198 Salkovskis, 1985, Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571, 10.1016/0005-7967(85)90105-6 Salkovskis, 1989, Cognitive-behavioural factors and the persistence of intrusive thoughts in obsessional problems, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 677, 10.1016/0005-7967(89)90152-6 Salkovskis, 1996, Cognitive-behavioral approaches to the understanding of obsessional problems, 103 Sauvageau, 2020, Experimental priming of feared self-perceptions increases obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a clinical OCD sample, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 27, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100577 Taylor, 2012, Cognitive approaches to understanding obsessive compulsive and related disorders, 9 Thordarson, 2004, The Vancouver obsessional compulsive inventory (VOCI), Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1289, 10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.007 Tibi, 2018, The relationship between cognitions and symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 495, 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.072 Viar, 2011, Obsessive beliefs and dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder: An examination of specific associations, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35, 108, 10.1007/s10608-011-9360-4 Williams, 2008, Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 15, 23, 10.1080/10705510701758166 Wong, 2019, Inverse reasoning processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Replication in a clinical sample, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 63, 1, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.01.005 Wong, 2020, Manipulating feared self-perceptions in an analogue sample using virtual reality and its impact on harm-related intrusions and urges to neutralise, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 100585, 10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100585 Wong, 2017, Causal role for inverse reasoning on obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Preliminary evidence from a cognitive bias modification for interpretation bias study, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 57, 143, 10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.06.001 Wong, 2017, Inverse reasoning processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 47, 75, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.12.005 Wu, 2009, Inferential confusion, obsessive beliefs, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A replication and extension, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 746, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.02.017