Dynamic analysis of the extended space charge layer using chronopotentiometric measurements

Kim SJ, Ko SH, Kang KH, Han J (2010) Direct seawater desalination by ion concentration polarization. Nat Nanotech 5:297–301 Kim B, Choi S, Pham VS, Kwak R, Han J (2017) Energy efficiency enhancement of electromembrane desalination systems by local flow redistribution optimized for the asymmetry of cation/anion diffusivity. J Membr Sci 524:280–287 Kim B, Kwak R, Kwon HJ, Pham VS, Kim M, Al-Anzi B, Lim G, Han J (2016) Purification of high salinity brine by multi-stage ion concentration polarization desalination. Sci Rep 6:31850 Kwak R, Kim SJ, Han J (2011) Continuous-flow biomolecule and cell concentrator by ion concentration polarization. Anal Chem 83:7348–7355 Knust KN, Hlushkou D, Anand RK, Tallarek U, Crooks RM (2013) Electrochemically mediated seawater desalination. Angewandte chemie Int Edition 52:8107–8110 Deng D, Aouad W, Braff WA, Schlumpberger S, Suss ME, Bazant MZ (2015) Water purification by shock electrodialysis: deionization, filtration, separation, and disinfection. Desalination 357:77–83 Park S, Jung Y, Son SY, Cho I, Cho Y, Lee H, Kim H-Y, Kim SJ (2016) Capillarity ion concentration polarization as spontaneous desalting mechanism. Nat Commun 7:11223 Fu LM, Hou HH, Chiu PH, Yang RJ (2018) Sample preconcentration from dilute solutions on micro/nanofluidic platforms: a review. Electrophoresis 39:289–310 Kim SJ, Song Y-A, Han J (2010) Nanofluidic concentration devices for biomolecules utilizing ion concentration polarization: theory, fabrication, and application. Chem Soc Rev 39:912–922 Son SY, Lee S, Lee H, Kim SJ (2016) Engineered nanofluidic preconcentration devices by ion concentration polarization. BioChip J 10:251–261 Choi J et al (2015) Selective preconcentration and online collection of charged molecules using ion concentration polarization. RSC Adv 5:66178–66184 Lee H et al (2018) dCas9-mediated nanoelectrokinetic direct detection of target gene for liquid biopsy. Nano Lett 18:7642–7650 Baek S, Choi J, Son SY, Kim J, Hong S, Kim HC, Chae J-H, Lee H, Kim SJ (2019) Dynamics of driftless preconcentration using ion concentration polarization leveraged by convection and diffusion. Lab Chip 19:3190–3199 Lee S, Park S, Kim W, Moon S, Kim H-Y, Lee H, Kim SJ (2019) Nanoelectrokinetic bufferchannel-less radial preconcentrator and online extractor by tunable ion depletion layer. Biomicrofluidics 13:034113 Ko SH, Song YA, Kim SJ, Kim M, Han J, Kang KH (2012) Nanofluidic preconcentration device in a straight microchannel using ion concentration polarization. Lab Chip 12:4472–4482 Cheow LF, Sarkar A, Kolitz S, Lauffenburger D, Han J (2014) Detecting kinase activities from single cell lysate using concentration-enhanced mobility shift assay. Anal Chem 86:7455–7462 Chen C-H, Sakar A, Song Y-A, Miller MA, Kim SJ, Griffith LG, Lauffenburger DA, Han J (2011) Enhancing protease activity assay in droplet-based microfluidics using a biomolecule concentrator. J Am Chem Soc 133:10368–10371 Subramani A, Badruzzaman M, Oppenheimer J, Jacangelo JG (2011) Energy minimization strategies and renewable energy utilization for desalination: a review. Water Res 45:1907–1920 Kjeang E, Djilali N, Sinton D (2009) Microfluidic fuel cells: a review. J Power Sources 186:353 Song Y-A, Batista C, Sarpeshkar R, Han J (2008) In-plane integration of ion-selective membrane in microfluidic PEM fuel cell by micro flow surface patterning. J Power Sources 183:674–677 Costa P, Bosio B (2008) Identification problems and analysis of the limit current in fuel cells. J Power Sources 185:1141–1146 St-Pierre J, Wetton B, Kim G-S, Promislow K (2007) Limiting current operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc 154:B186–B193 Kim SJ, Wang Y-C, Lee JH, Jang H, Han J (2007) Concentration polarization and nonlinear electrokinetic flow near nanofluidic channel. Phys Rev Lett 99:044501 Zangle TA, Mani A, Santiago JG (2010) Theory and experiments of concentration polarization and ion focusing at microchannel and nanochannel interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 39:1014–1035 Pu Q, Yun J, Temkin H, Liu S (2004) Ion-enrichment and ion-depletion effect of nanochannel structures. Nano Lett 4:1099–1103 Magnico P (2018) Spatial distribution of mechanical forces and ionic flux in electro-kinetic instability near a permselective membrane. Phys Fluids 30:014101 Andersen MB, Wang KM, Schiffbauer J, Mani A (2017) Confinement effects on electroconvective instability. Electrophoresis 38:702–711 Rubinstein I, Zaltzman B (2015) Equilibrium electroconvective instability. Phys Rev Lett 114:114502 Druzgalski C, Andersen MB, Mani A (2013) Direct numerical simulation of electroconvective instability and hydrodynamic chaos near an ion-selective surface. Phys Fluids 25:110804 Kim SJ, Ko SH, Kwak R, Posner JD, Kang KH, Han J (2012) Multi-vortical flow inducing electrokinetic instability in ion concentration polarization layer. Nanoscale 4:7406–7410 Andersen MB, van Soestbergen M, Mani A, Bruus H, Biesheuvel PM, Bazant MZ (2012) Current-induced membrane discharge. Phy Rev Lett 109:108301 Demekhin E, Shelistov V, Polyanskikh S (2011) Linear and nonlinear evolution and diffusion layer selection in electrokinetic instability. Phys Rev E 84:036318 Cho I, Kim W, Kim J, Kim H-Y, Lee H, Kim SJ (2016) Non-negligible diffusio-osmosis inside an ion concentration polarization layer. Phys Rev Lett 116:254501 Dydek EV, Zaltzman B, Rubinstein I, Deng DS, Mani A, Bazant MZ (2011) Overlimiting current in a microchannel. Phys Rev Lett 107:118301 Nam S, Cho I, Heo J, Lim G, Bazant MZ, Moon DJ, Sung GY, Kim SJ (2015) Experimental verification of overlimiting current by surface conduction and electro-osmotic flow in microchannels. Phys Rev Lett 114:114501 Sohn S, Cho I, Kwon S, Lee H, Kim SJ (2018) Surface conduction in a microchannel. Langmuir 34:7916–7921 Huh K, Yang S-Y, Park JS, Lee JA, Lee H, Kim SJ (2020) Surface conduction and electroosmotic flow around charged dielectric pillar arrays in microchannels. Lab Chip 20:675–686 Kim K, Kim W, Lee H, Kim SJ (2017) Stabilization of ion concentration polarization layer using micro fin structure for high-throughput applications. Nanoscale 9:3466–3475 Zaltzman B, Rubinstein I (2007) Electro-osmotic slip and electroconvective instability. J Fluid Mech 579:173–226 Rubinstein I, Zaltzman B (2010) Extended space charge in concentration polarization. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 159:117–129 Park S, Yossifon G (2016) Induced-charge electrokinetics, bipolar current, and concentration polarization in a microchannel–Nafion-membrane system. Phys Rev E 93:062614 Green Y, Shloush S, Yossifon G (2014) Effect of geometry on concentration polarization in realistic heterogeneous permselective systems. Phys Rev E (Statistical Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics) 89:043015 Schiffbauer J, Park S, Yossifon G (2013) Electrical impedance spectroscopy of microchannel-nanochannel interface devices. Phys Rev Lett 110:204504 Kim J, Kim H-Y, Lee H, Kim SJ (2016) Pseudo 1-D micro/nanofluidic device for exact electrokinetic responses. Langmuir 32:6478–6485 Cho I, Sung G, Kim SJ (2014) Overlimiting current through ion concentration polarization layer: hydrodynamic convection effects. Nanoscale 6:4620–4626 Duffy DC, McDonald JC, Schueller OJA, Whitesides GM (1998) Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Anal Chem 70:4974–4984 Lee JH, Song Y-A, Han J (2008) Multiplexed proteomic sample preconcentration device using surface-patterned ion-selective membrane. Lab Chip 8:596–601 Lee H, Alizadeh S, Kim TJ, Park S-M, Soh HT, Mani A, Kim SJ (2019) Overlimiting current in non-uniform arrays of microchannels. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.09546 Krol J, Wessling M, Strathmann H (1999) Concentration polarization with monopolar ion exchange membranes: current–voltage curves and water dissociation. J Membr Sci 162:145–154 de Valença JC, Wagterveld RM, Lammertink RG, Tsai PA (2015) Dynamics of microvortices induced by ion concentration polarization. Phys Rev E 92:031003 Rubinstein I, Zaltzman B (2010) Dynamics of extended space charge in concentration polarization. Phys Rev E 81:061502 Khair AS (2011) Concentration polarization and second-kind electrokinetic instability at an ion-selective surface admitting normal flow. Phys Fluids 23:072003