Nghĩa vụ Thận trọng trong Luật Môi trường Quốc tế và Luật Nhân quyền Quốc tế: Một Nghiên cứu So sánh Pháp lý về Các đóng góp được xác định trên cơ sở quốc gia theo Thỏa thuận Paris và Các nghĩa vụ tích cực theo Công ước Châu Âu về Nhân quyền
Tóm tắt
Nghĩa vụ thận trọng là một khái niệm thường được sử dụng trong luật quốc tế, tuy nhiên vẫn còn nhiều điều cần được khám phá về khái niệm này. Bài viết này nhằm góp phần vào việc hiểu biết về các nghĩa vụ thận trọng trong luật quốc tế, điều này rất hữu ích vì nó có thể là cơ sở cho việc làm rõ hơn các quyền pháp lý tương ứng của các chủ thể trong luật quốc tế. Với mục đích này, bài viết này bắt đầu xây dựng một mô hình hoạt động về nghĩa vụ thận trọng trong luật quốc tế bằng cách khám phá khái niệm này từ hai góc độ: góc độ trách nhiệm và góc độ điều chỉnh. Tiếp theo, bài viết sẽ sử dụng mô hình này để so sánh sự vận hành của các nghĩa vụ thận trọng trong hai lĩnh vực của luật quốc tế: luật môi trường quốc tế và luật nhân quyền quốc tế. Trong quá trình này, sẽ rõ ràng rằng nghĩa vụ thận trọng chứa hai yếu tố cốt lõi: 'tính hợp lý' và 'lương thiện'. Hơn nữa, sự vận hành của các nghĩa vụ thận trọng trong hai lĩnh vực này đã có những tác động đến các vấn đề hệ thống trong luật quốc tế. Do đó, cần có thêm nghiên cứu về sự vận hành của các nghĩa vụ thận trọng trong các lĩnh vực khác của luật quốc tế.
Từ khóa
#Nghĩa vụ thận trọng; Luật môi trường quốc tế; Luật nhân quyền quốc tế; Thỏa thuận Paris; Công ước Châu Âu về Nhân quyềnTài liệu tham khảo
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