Các yếu tố điều khiển đa dạng sinh học loài và đa dạng di truyền trong các metacommunities rừng xuyên suốt các cảnh quan nông nghiệp với độ thấm khác nhau

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 36 - Trang 3269-3286 - 2021
Guillaume Decocq1, Annie Guiller1, Thomas Kichey1, Katrien Van de Pitte2,3, Emilie Gallet-Moron1, Olivier Honnay2, Déborah Closset-Kopp1
1Unité Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR CNRS 7058), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex, France
2Biology Department, Leuven, Belgium
3Department of Bio and Food Sciences, Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), University of Applied, Gent, Belgium

Tóm tắt

Sự phân mảnh môi trường sống và tăng cường sử dụng đất là những mối đe dọa chính đối với sự đa dạng sinh học trên toàn cầu, ảnh hưởng đến cả đa dạng sinh học loài (SD) và đa dạng sinh học di truyền (GD). Vẫn còn chưa rõ liệu SD và GD có phản ứng với các thành phần khác nhau của sự thay đổi cảnh quan hay không và đến mức độ nào chúng tương quan trong các hệ thống bị phân mảnh. Chúng tôi khám phá vai trò của các đặc điểm hiện tại và lịch sử của các mảng và cảnh quan đối với SD và GD, trong và giữa các mảnh rừng, dọc theo gradient độ thấm của cảnh quan. Chúng tôi tìm kiếm những hoàn cảnh trong đó SD và GD tương quan. Tại ba cảnh quan nông nghiệp tương phản ở phía bắc nước Pháp, chúng tôi đánh giá sự đa dạng loài thực vật mạch và GD của hai loài thực vật có đặc điểm lịch sử sinh học khác nhau trong tất cả các mảnh rừng. Độ phong phú loài và độ dị hợp thay kỳ vọng được coi là đại diện cho SD và GD tương ứng. Thông qua các phân tích hồi quy và tương quan, chúng tôi đã khám phá các mối quan hệ giữa SD/GD và các yếu tố địa phương, cảnh quan và lịch sử; và giữa SD và GD. Khi độ thấm của cảnh quan vượt qua một ngưỡng nhất định, SD và GD có vẻ được quy định bởi những quy trình giống nhau, điều này dẫn đến một mối tương quan dương giữa SD-GD. Ngưỡng độ thấm này là đặc thù cho loài, phụ thuộc vào các đặc tính phát tán và độ rộng của ngách sinh thái của các loài. Mối tương quan SD-GD phụ thuộc vào độ thấm của cảnh quan hiện tại và quá khứ, do đó sự thiếu tương quan xuất hiện như là quy tắc trong các hệ thống cảnh quan có độ thấm yếu, đặc biệt khi các mảnh nhỏ. Độ thấm của cảnh quan và các đặc điểm của các mảng điều khiển SD và GD của thực vật mạch trong và giữa các mảnh rừng. Một loài tổng quát, có khả năng sinh sản nhanh hơn phản ánh các mẫu đa dạng trong các khu rừng bị phân mảnh tốt hơn.

Từ khóa

#đa dạng sinh học loài #đa dạng sinh học di truyền #phân mảnh môi trường sống #độ thấm cảnh quan #thực vật mạch

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