Dragonflies of Dragon’s Blood Island: Atlas of the Odonata of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen)

Kay Van Damme1, Petr Vahalík2, Robert Ketelaar3, Petr Jeziorski4, Jaap Bouwman5, Miranda J. Morris6, Ahmed Saeed Suleiman7, Henri J. Dumont8
1Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2Department of Forest Management and Applied Geoinformatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
3Rhienderinklaan 25, 7231 DB, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
4Na Bělidle 1, Havířov-Suchá, 735 64, Czech Republic
5Huissensestraat 85, 6833 HM, Arnhem, The Netherlands
6University of Saint Andrews, St Andrews, UK
7Environmental Protection Agency, Socotra Branch, Hadiboh, Socotra Governorate, Yemen
8Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

Tóm tắt

AbstractDragonflies are important bioindicators of aquatic ecosystem health. We discuss the distribution and richness of the 22 dragon- and damselfly species known from the Socotra Archipelago UNESCO World Heritage Site (Yemen) in the western Indian Ocean. We compiled 841 records from literature, field data and museum collections, covering a surveying period of 123 years (1896–2019). Distribution of the only endemic, the Socotra BluetAzuragrion granti(McLachlan, 1903), an indicator of pristine lotic waters, is updated. Relatively higher dragonfly species richness occurs in eastern Socotra where suitable aquatic habitats are present all year. We observed a significant drop of the number of taxa over several decades in areas in the Hadiboh Plain where human development impacts are strongest. We discuss the indigenous people’s perception of dragonflies to assess the potential of these invertebrates as local flagships for aquatic biodiversity conservation. Our knowledge of the Socotran Odonata remains incomplete, yet they are now among the best studied animal groups in the archipelago. A new record of an OrientalAnaxindicates that the island’s dragonfly fauna may yet harbour surprises. Our compilation of odonate records is the first for Socotra and serves as a baseline for future monitoring of the archipelago’s vital aquatic habitats. We converted all records into a geodatabase which we uploaded to an online, freely available web mapping server and mobile application to facilitate research and conservation of the Socotran dragonflies (www.dragonfliesofsocotra.com).Graphic abstract

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Al-Safadi MM (1998) Freshwater fishes of Soqotra Island, Yemen. In: Dumont HJ (Ed) Soqotra: proceedings of the first international symposium on soqotra island: present & future, United Nations Publications, New York, pp 213–217

Apel M, Brandis D (2000) A new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Socotra Island and description of Socotrapotamon n. gen. Fauna of Arabia 18:133–144

Banfield LM, Van Damme K, Miller AG (2011) Evolution and biogeography of the flora of the Socotra archipelago (Yemen) In: Bramwell D, Caujapé-Castells J (Eds), The Biology of Island Floras, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 197–225

Batelka J (2012) Socotra archipelago—a lifeboat in the sea of changes: advancement in Socotran insect biodiversity survey. Acta Ent Mus Nat Pra 52(suppl. 2):1–26

BBC News (2013) Exotic wildlife join HMS Echo crew. BBC News 9 Oct 2013, URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-24456213

Belyshev BF, Haritonov AY (1978) The distribution of the cosmopolitan genus Anax Leach and its probable origin (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae). Odonatologica 7:115–121

Beydoun ZR, Bichan HR (1970) The geology of Socotra, Gulf of Aden. Quart J Geol Soc Lond 125:413–446

Bezdĕk J, Hájek J (2017) Insect biodiversity of the Socotra Archipelago—underlined and counted. Act Ent Mus Nat Pra 57(Suppl):1–39

Bezdĕk J, Purchart L, Král K, Hula V (2012) List of local Socotran geographical names used in entomological literature. Act Ent Mus Nat Pra 52(Suppl. 2):27–67

Botting D (1959) Island of the Dragon’s blood. Funk & Wagnalls, New York, p 251

Boudot JP (2015) Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842). In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (eds) Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, pp 137–139

Boudot JP, Clausnitzer V Dijkstra KDB, Suhling F, Schneider W, Samraoui B (2016a) Ceriagrion glabrum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T59828A75380384.https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59828A75380384.en. Downloaded on 13 February 2020

Boudot JP, Clausnitzer V Dijkstra KDB, Suhling F, Schneider W, Samraoui B (2016b) Paragomphus genei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T59976A83861834.https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59976A83861834.en. Downloaded on 13 February 2020

Boudot JP, Clausnitzer V Dijkstra KDB, Suhling F, Schneider W, Samraoui B (2016c) Rhyothemis semihyalina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T60037A83869229.https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T60037A83869229.en. Downloaded on 13 February 2020

Boudot JP, De Knijf G (2015) Zygonyx torridus (Kirby, 1889). In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (Eds): Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, pp 321–322

Boudot JP, De Knijf G (2015) Zygonyx torridus (Kirby, 1889). In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (eds) Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, pp 321–322

Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (2015) Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, p 360

Carter M (2006) The land that time forgot. The Guardian, Yemen Observer section, April 13, 2006.URL: https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/apr/16/yemen.observerescapesection

Cheung C, DeVantier L (2006) Socotra—a natural history of the islands and their people. Van Damme K (Ed) Odyssey books and guides. Airphoto International Ltd., Hong Kong, p 408

Clark TE, Samways MJ (1996) Dragonflies (Odonata) as indicators of biotope quality in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. J Appl Ecol 33:1001–1012

Clausnitzer V, Dijkstra KDB, Kipping J (2011) Globally threatened dragonflies (Odonata) in Eastern Africa and implications for conservation. J East Afr Nat Hist 100(1–2):89–111

Clausnitzer V (2016a) Crocothemis erythraea. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2016:e.T59859A83846274. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59859A83846274.en. Downloaded on 13 February 2020

Clausnitzer V (2016b) Tramea limbata. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2016: e.T60050A83381971. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T60050A83381971.en. Downloaded on 13 February 2020

Clausnitzer V, Jödicke R (2004) Guardians of the watershed. Int J Odonatol 7:111–112

Clausnitzer V, Martens A (2004) Critical species of Odonata in the Comoros, Seychelles, Mascarenes and other small western Indian Ocean islands. Int J Odonatol 7:207–218

Darwall WRT, Smith KG, Allen DJ, Holland RA, Harrison IJ, Brooks EGE (Eds) (2011) The diversity of life in african freshwaters: under water, under threat. An analysis of the status and distribution of freshwater species throughout mainland Africa. IUCN, Cambridge, Gland, p 347 (+4)

Dijkstra KDB, Clausnitzer V (2014) The dragonflies and damselflies of Eastern Africa. Handbook for all Odonata from Sudan to Zimbabwe. Studies in Afrotropical Zoology, vol. 298. Tervuren, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium, p 263

Doe B (1992) Socotra: island of tranquility. In: Serjeant RB, Radcliffe-Smith A, Guichard KM (eds) Immel Publishing Limited, London, p 219

Dolný A, Bárta D, Lhota S, Rusdianto DP (2011) Dragonflies (Odonata) in the Bornean rain forest as indicators of changes in biodiversity resulting from forest modification and destruction. Trop Zool 24:63–86

Dow RA, Clausnitzer V (2016) Diplacodes lefebvrii. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2016:e.T59864A83847795. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59864A83847795.en. Downloaded on 13 February 2020

Dow RA, Boudot JP, Clausnitzer V, Suhling F, Ferreira S, Dijkstra KDB, Schneider W, Samraoui B (2016) Zygonyx torridus. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2016: e.T60078A83877723. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T60078A83877723.en. Downloaded on 13 February 2020

Dumont HJ (1991) Odonata of the Levant. Fauna Palestine, Insecta V, Jerusalem, pp 297

Dumont HJ, Vierstraete A, Vanfleteren JR (2010) A molecular phylogeny of the Odonata (Insecta). Syst Entomol 35:6–18

Fikáček M, Delgado JA, Gentili E (2012) The hydrophiloid beetles of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Georissidae, Hydrophilidae). Acta Ent Mus Nat Pra 52(Suppl. 2):107–130

Hájek J, Bezděk J (2019) Annotated catalogue of beetles (Coleoptera) of the Socotra Archipelago. Zootaxa 4715:1–76

Hájek J, Reiter A (2014) Adephagous water beetles (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae) from Yemen and Dhofar region (Oman) with description of a new Hyphydrus from Socotra Island. Acta Ent Mus Nat Pra 54(Suppl):63–99

Hijmans RJ, Guarino L, Cruz M, Rojas E (2001) Computer tools for spatial analysis of plant genetic resources data: 1. DIVA-GIS Plant Genet Resour Newsl 127:15–19

IUCN World Heritage Outlook (2017) Socotra archipelago—2017 conservation outlook assessment, pp 32. URL: https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org (date Accessed 30 Jan 2020)

Jödicke R, Boudot J-P, Jacquemin G, Samraoui B, Schneider W (2004) Critical species of Odonata in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Int J Odonatol 7:239–253

Kalkman VJ (2015) Orthetrum sabina (Drury, 1773). In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (eds) Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, pp 283–285

Kalkman VJ, De Knijf G (2015) Diplacodes lefebvrii (Rambur, 1842) In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (Eds): Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, pp 256–258

Kalkman VJ, Monnerat C (2015a) Anax ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839). In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (Eds): Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, pp 169–171

Kalkman VJ, Monnerat C (2015b) Orthetrum chrysostigma (Burmeister, 1839). In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (Eds): Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV Publishing, The Netherlands, pp 278–279

Kalkman VJ, Monnerat (2015c) Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1798). In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (Eds) Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, pp 291-298

Kalkman VJ, Proess R (2015) Anax imperator Leach, 1815. ). In: Boudot JP, Kalkman VJ (eds) Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. KNNV publishing, The Netherlands, pp 173–175

Kalkman VJ, Clausnitzer V, Dijkstra KDB, Orr AG, Paulson DR, van Tol J (2008) Global diversity of dragonflies (Odonata) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:351–363

Kimmins DE (1960) The odonata and neuroptera of the island of socotra. Ann Mag Nat Hist 13:385–392

Krupp F, Schneider W, Nader IA, Khushaim O (1990) Zoological survey in Saudi Arabia, spring. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 11:3–9

Lambret P, Boudot JP (2013) Hemianax ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839) (Odonata, Anisoptera: Aeshnidae): présentation générale. Martinia, Revue scientifique de la Société française d’Odonatologie, Hors série 2013:13–28

Lambret P, Boudot JP, Chelmick D, De Knijf G, Durand E, Judas J, Stoquert A (2017) Odonata surveys 2010–2016 in the United Arab Emirates and the Sultanate of Oman, with emphasis on some regional heritage species. Odonatologica 46:153–205

Lavergne E, Zajonz U, Krupp F, Naseeb F, Aideed MS (2016) Diversity and composition of estuarine and lagoonal fish assemblages of Socotra Island, Yemen. J Fish Biol 88:2004–2026

Lemelin RH (2007) Finding beauty in the dragon: the role of dragonflies in recreation and tourism. J Ecotour 6:139–145

May ML (2002) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the damselfly genus Enallagma and related taxa (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). Syst Entomol 27:387–408

May ML (2019) Odonata: who they are and what they have done for us lately: classification and ecosystem services of dragonflies. Insects 10:62

McLachlan R (1903) Insecta: Neuroptera. Amphibiotica. In: Forbes HO (Ed) The natural history of Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri: being the report upon the results of the conjoint expedition to these islands in 1898–9. Special Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums, Liverpool, pp 398–405. pls XXIV–XXIVa

McLachlan R, Kirby WF, Austen EE (1898) Insects of other orders. In: Dixey FA, Burr M, Pickard-Cambridge O (eds) On a collection of insects and arachnids made by Mr. E. N. Bennett in Socotra, with descriptions of new species. Proc Zool Soc Lond 1898:386–387

Miller A, Morris M (2004) Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago. Royal Botanical Gardens of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, p 759

Nasher AK, Al Jumaily MM (2003) Zoological material from Socotra Archipelago deposited in Sana´a University, with reference to the need for establishing a National Scientific Museum. In: Ba-Angood SA, Ba-Saleem MO, Hussein MO (eds) Proceedings of the second international symposium on the developing strategy of Socotra Archipelago and other Yemeni islands. 14–16 December 2003, Aden. Volume I. Natural resources and biodiversity. Aden University Printing and Publishing House, Aden, pp 65–73

Neubert E, Amr Z, Van Damme D (2014) The status and distribution of freshwater molluscs in the Arabian Peninsula. In: Smith KG, Barrios V, Darwall WRT, Numa C (eds) The status and distribution of freshwater fauna in Arabia. IUCN: Gland, Cambridge, pp 30–38

Pietsch D, Morris M (2010) Modern and ancient knowledge of conserving soils in Socotra Island, Yemen. In: Zdrulli et al. (eds) Land degradation and desertification: assessment, mitigation and remediation. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 374–386

Pinhey E (1970) Monographic study of the genus Trithemis Brauer (Odonata, Libellulidae). Mem Entomol Soc South Afr 11:1–259

Pinkert S, Dijkstra KDB, Zeuss D, Reudenbach C, Brandl R, Hof C (2017) Evolutionary processes, dispersal limitation and climatic history shape current diversity patterns of European dragonflies. Ecography 40:1–10

Porter RF (2011) Introducing the dragonflies on Socotra. Tayf 8:11

Porter RF, Suleiman AS (2016) The important bird and biodiversity areas of the socotra archipelago, Yemen. Sandgrouse 38:169–191

Ramsar (2013) Detwah Lagoon, Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. URL: https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1736?language=en (date Accessed: 30 Jan 2020)

Razzetti E, Sindaco R, Grieco C, Pella F, Ziliani U, Pupin F, Riservato E, Pellitteri-Rosa D, Butikofer L, Suleiman AS, Al-Aseily BA, Carugati C, Boncompagni E, Fasola M (2011) Annotated checklist and distribution of the Socotran Archipelago Herpetofauna. Zootaxa 2826:1–44

Remsburg AJ, Turner MG (2009) Aquatic and terrestrial drivers of dragonfly (Odonata) assemblages within and among north-temperate lakes. Freshw Sci 28:44–56

Riservato E, Grieco C, Pella F, Sindaco R, Pupin F, Suleiman AS, Fasola M (2010) A contribution to the knowledge of the odonatofauna of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) (Insecta: Odonata). Zool Middle East 50:101–106

Samraoui B, Weekers PHH, Dumont HJ (2002) Enallagma of the Western and Central Palaearctic (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). Odonatologica 31:371–381

Samraoui B, Boudot JP, Ferreira S, Riservato E, Jović M, Kalkman VJ, Schneider W (2010) The Status and Distribution of Dragonflies. In: García N, Cuttelod A, Abdul Malak D (eds) The status and distribution of freshwater biodiversity in Northern Africa. IUCN, Gland, Cambridge, Malaga, pp 51–70

Samways MJ (2003a) Conservation of an endemic odonate fauna in the Seychelles archipelago. Odonatologica 32:177–182

Samways MJ (2003) Threats to the tropical island dragonfly fauna (Odonata) of Mayotte, Comoro archipelago. Biodivers Conserv 12:1785–1792

Samways MJ, Pryke JS, Simaika JP (2011) Threats to dragonflies on land islands can be as great as those on oceanic islands. Biol Conserv 144:1145–1151

Samways MJ, Simaika JP (2016) Manual of freshwater assessment for South Africa: Dragonfly Biotic Index. South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). Pretoria, Suricata 2:1–224

Schneider T, Ikemeyer D (2016) Dragonflies of Oman—a revised illustrated checklist (Odonata). Entomologische Zeitschrift Schwanfeld 126:137–147

Schneider W (1999) Soqotra—the island of dragons’ blood. Agrion 3:27–28

Schneider W, Dumont HJ (1998) Checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies of Soqotra Island (Insecta: Odonata). In: Dumont HJ (ed) Proceedings of the First international symposium on Soqotra Island: Present and future. Volume 1. United Nations Publications, New York, pp 219–231

Schneider W, Nasher AK (2013) Dragonflies from mainland Yemen and the Socotra Archipelago—additional records and novelties. Int Drag Fund Rep 57:1–13

Schneider W, Parr MJ (1998) Orthetrum julia falsum Longfield 1955, new to the dragonfly fauna of Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Int J Odonatol 1:155–158

Schneider W, Samraoui B (2015) The status and distribution of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) in the Arabian Peninsula. In: García N, Harrison I, Cox N, Tognelli MF (eds). Freshwater biodiversity in the arabian peninsula. IUCN, Gland, Cambridge, Arlington, pp 39–55

Schneider W, Samraoui B, Boudot J-P (2013) Azuragrion somalicum ssp. amitinum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T13186344A13186346. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T13186344A13186346.en. Downloaded on 30 January 2020

Schneider W, Samraoui B, Boudot J-P (2018) Azuragrion granti. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T60286A75346501. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T60286A75346501.en. Downloaded on 30 January 2020

Scholte P, De Geest P (2010) The climate of Socotra Island (Yemen): a first-time assessment of the timing of the monsoon wind reversal and its influence on precipitation and vegetation patterns. J Arid Environ 74:1507–1515

Sharma G (2013) Macrodiplax cora. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2013: e.T167478A17531208. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T167478A17531208.en. Downloaded on 13 February 2020

Simaika JP, Samways MJ (2009) An easy-to-use index of ecological integrity for prioritizing freshwater sites and for assessing habitat quality. Biodivers Conserv 18:1171–1185

Sohlman E (2004) A Bid to Save the 'Galápagos of the Indian Ocean'. Science 303(5665):1753

Thieme ML, Abell R, Burgess N, Lehner B, Dinerstein E, Olson D (2005) Freshwater ecoregions of africa and madagascar: a conservation assessment. Island Press, Washington DC, p 483

Tobias MC, Morrison JG (2008) Sanctuary: global oases of innocence. Council Oak Books, Tulsa, p 360

UNDP/GEF (2000) Socotra biodiversity project YEM/96/G32. Conservation Zoning Plan of Socotra Islands. Presidential Decree no. 275 of the Year 2000, p 17 URL: https://www.friendsofsoqotra.org/Bibliography/pdfs/Zoning%2520plan%25202000.pdf

UNEP/WCMC (2008) Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. UNESCO Fact Sheet. World heritage sites, protected areas and world heritage. United Nations Environment Programme and World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 11 pp. URL: www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Socotra%2520revised.pdf

Van Damme K (2009) Socotra Archipelago. In: Gillespie RG, Clague DA (eds) Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, pp 846–851

Van Damme K (2011) Insular biodiversity in a changing world. Nature Middle East 2011:61. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmiddleeast.2011.61

Van Damme K (2018) A record of Notostraca on Socotra Island and the importance of local conservation of the habitat. Zootaxa 4446:555–566

Van Damme K, Banfield L (2011) Past and present human impacts on the biodiversity of Socotra Island (Yemen): implications for future conservation. Zool Middle East 2011(Suppl. 3):31–88

Villalobos-Jiménez G, Dunn AM, Hassall C (2016) Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) in urban ecosystems: a review. Eur J Entomol 113:217–232

Walpole JM, Leader-Williams N (2002) Tourism and flagship species in conservation. Biodivers Conserv 11:543–547

Waterston AR, Pittaway AR (1991) The Odonata or dragonflies of Oman and neighbouring territories. J Oman Stud 10(989):131–168

Wewalka G (2004) Dytiscidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Socotra Archipelago, with descriptions of two new species. Fauna of Arabia 20:463–472

Wranik W (1998) Faunistic notes on Soqotra Island. In: Dumont HJ (ed) Proceedings of the First international symposium on Soqotra Island: Present and future. Volume 1. United Nations Publications, New York, pp 135–198

Wranik W (2003) Fauna of the socotra archipelago. Field guide. Universität Rostock, Rostock, p 542