Drag reduction in a gravity-driven flow system using polyethylene oxide solutions

The current study describes the use of a mathematical formula based on macro-scale balances to calculate the efflux time for gravity draining a Newtonian liquid from a large conical tank through an exit pipe at the bottom of the tank when the flow in the pipe line is turbulent. The least amount of time required to drain the tank will be calculated using the efflux time equation, which has been modified using experimental data. When the flow is mixed, that is, partially laminar and partially turbulent, gravity-driven, and once through the system, the percentage reduction in efflux time that the addition of water-soluble polyethylene oxide polymer has on drag reduction is displayed. Therefore, the efflux time equation provides the shortest amount of time needed to acquire the liquid draining from the tank.