Gánh nặng kép của sự dễ bị tổn thương đối với người tị nạn: khái niệm và giải pháp chính sách cho bảo vệ tài chính ở Iran thông qua cách tiếp cận tư duy hệ thống

Health Research Policy and Systems - Tập 21 - Trang 1-13 - 2023
Saeed Shahabi1, Manal Etemadi2,3, Maryam Hedayati4, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani1, Mihajlo Jakovljevic5,6,7
1Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2The National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
3Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
4Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
6Department of Global Health Economics and Policy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
7Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

Tóm tắt

Iran là nơi có một trong những cộng đồng người tị nạn lớn nhất và lâu đời nhất trên thế giới. Mặc dù Iran đã khởi xướng một chương trình bảo hiểm y tế cơ bản cho người tị nạn trên toàn quốc từ tháng 9 năm 2015, nhưng tỷ lệ bao phủ của chương trình này rất thấp, và nhiều yếu tố đã khiến một tỷ lệ đáng kể người tị nạn vẫn thiếu bảo hiểm và thường phải đối mặt với khó khăn tài chính khi nhận các dịch vụ y tế. Để đáp ứng nhu cầu này, nghiên cứu này nhằm hiểu rõ về các rào cản trong việc tiếp cận bảo hiểm của người tị nạn tại Iran và đề xuất các chính sách hiệu quả nhằm giải quyết những khoảng trống tồn tại trong bảo vệ tài chính. Nghiên cứu định tính này được thực hiện qua hai giai đoạn. Đầu tiên, một cuộc xem xét tài liệu chính sách và phỏng vấn các đối tượng tham gia được tiến hành để điều tra các rào cản và yếu tố thuận lợi chung trong việc bảo hiểm hiệu quả cho người tị nạn tại Iran. Sau đó, một cách tiếp cận tư duy hệ thống được áp dụng để hình dung các biến số và tương tác phổ biến trong quá trình đạt được bảo vệ tài chính cho người tị nạn. Kết quả cho thấy rằng nhiều yếu tố, chẳng hạn như (1) mức phí bảo hiểm tính theo hộ gia đình cho người tị nạn, (2) thời gian chờ để đủ điều kiện nhận lợi ích bảo hiểm, (3) xác định phí bảo hiểm cao cho các nhóm không dễ bị tổn thương và (4) sự khác biệt sâu sắc giữa mức phí dịch vụ y tế của các lĩnh vực cung cấp dịch vụ công cộng và tư nhân ở Iran, đã làm cho việc bao phủ bảo hiểm y tế cho những người tị nạn không dễ bị tổn thương trở nên khó khăn. Hơn nữa, một số giải pháp chính sách đã được tìm thấy để cải thiện tỷ lệ bao phủ bảo hiểm y tế cho người tị nạn ở Iran. Các giải pháp này bao gồm loại bỏ kích thước hộ gia đình khỏi tính toán phí bảo hiểm, giảm mức phí bảo hiểm hiện tại và thu phí bảo hiểm hàng tháng từ những người tị nạn không dễ bị tổn thương. Một số yếu tố đã gây khó khăn cho việc tiếp cận bảo hiểm y tế đối với người tị nạn, đặc biệt là những người tị nạn không dễ bị tổn thương ở Iran. Do đó, cần thiết phải áp dụng các chính sách hiệu quả để cải thiện tài chính y tế cho người tị nạn nhằm đảm bảo bảo vệ tài chính, với việc xem xét các tác nhân khác nhau và sự tương tác giữa họ.

Từ khóa

#Iran #người tị nạn #bảo hiểm y tế #bảo vệ tài chính #tư duy hệ thống.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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