Dorcatherium naui and pecoran ruminants from the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria)
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aiglstorfer M, Costeur L (2013) The Moschidae of Dorn-Dürkheim 1 (Germany). Palaeobio Palaeoenv 93(2):207–215. doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0117-9
Aiglstorfer M, Bocherens H, Böhme M (2014a) Large mammal ecology in the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria). In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J (eds) The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 94(1). doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0145-5
Aiglstorfer M, Göhlich UB, Böhme M, Gross M (2014b) A partial skeleton of Deinotherium (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria). In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J (eds) The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 94(1). doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0140-x
Aiglstorfer M, Heissig K, Böhme M (2014c) Perissodactyla from the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria). In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J (eds) The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 94(1). doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0138-4
Alba DM, Moyà-Solà S, Robles JM, Casanovas-Vilar I, Rotgers C, Carmona R, Galindo J (2011) Middle Miocene tragulid remains from Abocador de Can Mata: the earliest record of Dorcatherium naui from Western Europe. Geobios 44(2–3):135–150. doi: 10.1016/j.geobios.2010.10.003
Alba DM, DeMiguel D, Morales J, Sánchez IM, Moyà-Solà S (2013) New remains of Dorcatherium crassum (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae) from the Early Miocene (MN4) of Els Casots (Subirats, Vallès-Penedès Basin). CR Palevol. doi: 10.1016/j.crpv.2013.09.003
Arambourg C, Piveteau J (1929) Les Vertébrés du Pontien de Salonique. Ann Paleontol 18:57–140
Astibia H (1987) First data on the presence of Palaeomerycidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) in the European Upper Miocene. Geobios 20(6):833–836. doi: 10.1016/S0016-6995(87)80007-4
Astibia H (2012) Les Palaeomerycidae (Artiodactyla) de Sansan. In: Peigné S, Sen S (eds) Mammifères de Sansan. Mem Mus Natl Hist Nat 203:201–224
Azanza B (1986) Estudio geológico y paleontológico del Mioceno del sector oeste de la Comarca de Borja. Cuad Estud Borjanos XVII–XVIII:63–126
Azanza B (1993) Sur la nature des appendices frontaux des cervidés (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du Miocène inférieur et moyen. Remarques sur leur systématique et leur phylogénie. On the nature of the frontal appendages in Lower-Middle Miocene deer (Artiodactyla, Mammalia). Contribution to their systematics and phylogeny. CR Acad Sci II 316(8):1163–1169
Azanza B (2000) Los Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) del Mioceno de las cuencas del Duero, Tajo, Calatayud-Teruel y Levante. Mem Mus Pal Univ Zarag 8:1–376
Azanza B, Ginsburg L (1997) A revision of the large lagomerycid artiodactyls of Europe. Palaeontology 40(2):461–485
Azanza B, Morales J (1994) Tethytragus nov. gen. et Gentrytragus nov. gen. Deux nouveaux Bovidés (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du Miocène moyen. Relations phylogénétiques des Bovidés anté-vallésiens. Proc K Ned Akad Wet B 97(3):249–282
Azanza B, Rössner GE, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E (2013) The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dorn-Dürkheim 1 (Germany) and implications on the origin of crown cervids. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 93(2):217–258. doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8
Bakalov P, Nikolov I (1962) Mammifères Tertiaires. In: Tzankov V (ed) Les Fossiles de Bulgarie [In Bulgarian with French summary], vol 10. Académie des Sciences de Bulgarie, Sofia, pp 1–162
Bärmann EV, Rössner GE (2011) Dental nomenclature in Ruminantia: towards a standard terminological framework. Mamm Biol 76(6):762–768
Bernor RL, Kordos L, Rook L, Agustí J, Andrews P, Armour-Chelu M, Begun DR, Cameron DW, Damuth J, Daxner-Höck G, De Bonis L, Fejfar O, Fessaha N, Fortelius M, Franzen J, Gasparik M, Gentry A, Heissig K, Hernyak G, Kaiser T, Koufos GD, Krolopp E, Jánossy D, Llenas M, Meszáros L, Müller P, Renne P, Roček Z, Sen S, Scott R, Szyndlar Z, Topál G, Ungar PS, Utescher T, Van Dam JA, Werdelin L, Ziegler R (2004) Recent advances on multidisciplinary research at Rudabánya, Late Miocene (MN9), Hungary: a compendium. Palaeontogr Ital 89:3–36
Bibi F, Güleç ES (2008) Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from the late Miocene of Sivas, Turkey. J Vertebr Paleontol 28(2):501–519. doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[501:bmaftl]2.0.co;2
Blainville M (1837) Rapport sur un nouvel envoi de fossiles provenant du dépot de Sansan. C R Acad Sci 12:418–427
Bohlin B (1926) Die Familie Giraffidae. Pal Sin C 4(1):1–178
Böhme M, Vasilyan D (2014) Ectothermic vertebrates from the late Middle Miocene of Gratkorn (Austria, Styria). In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J (eds) The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 94(1). doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7
Böhme M, Winklhofer M, Ilg A (2011) Miocene precipitation in Europe: temporal trends and spatial gradients. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 304(3–4):212–218. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.09.028
Böhme M, Aiglstorfer M, Uhl D, Kullmer O (2012) The antiquity of the Rhine River: stratigraphic coverage of the Dinotheriensande (Eppelsheim Formation) of the Mainz Basin (Germany). PLoS ONE 7(5):e36817
Carlsson A (1926) Über die Tragulidae und ihre Beziehungen zu den übrigen Artiodactyla. Acta Zool 7:69–100
Clauss M, Kaiser T, Hummel J (2008) The morphophysiological adaptations of browsing and grazing mammals. In: Gordon I, Prins HT (eds) The ecology of browsing and grazing. Ecological Studies, vol 195. Springer, Berlin, pp 47–88. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-72422-3_3
Czyzewska T, Stefaniak K (1994) Tragulidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Miocene of Przeworno (Lower Silesia, Poland). Acta Zool Cracov 37:47–53
Damuth J (1990) Problems in estimating body masses of archaic ungulates using dental measurements. In: Damuth J, MacFadden B (eds) Body size in mammalian paleobiology estimations and biological implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 229–254
DeMiguel D, Sánchez IM, Alba DM, Galindo J, Robles JM, Moyà-Solà S (2012) First evidence of Tethytragus Azanza and Morales, 1994 (Ruminantia, Bovidae), in the Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Spain). J Vertebr Paleontol 32(6):1457–1462. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2012.696082
Dubost G (1964) Un ruminant à regime alimentaire partiellement carne: le chevrotaine aquatique (Hyaemoschus aquaticus Ogilby). Biol Gab 1:21–23
Dubost G (1965) Quelques traits remarquables du compartement de Hyemoschus aquaticus (Tragulidae, Ruminantia, Artiodactyla). Biol Gab 1:282–287
Dubost G (1975) Le comportement du Chevrotain african, Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia). Z Tierpsychol 37:403–448
Dubost G (1978) Un apercu sur l’écologie du Chevrotain africain Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby, Artiodactyle Tragulidé. Mammalia 42:1–61
Dubost G (1984) Comparison of the diets of frugivorous forest ruminants of Gabon. J Mammal 65:298–316
Eronen JT, Rössner GE (2007) Wetland paradise lost: Miocene community dynamics in large herbivore mammals from the German Molasse Basin. Evol Ecol Res 9:471–494
Fahlbusch V (1985) Säugetierreste (Dorcatherium, Steneofiber) aus der miozänen Braunkohle von Wackersdorf/Oberpfalz. Mitt Bayer Staatssamml Paläontol Hist Geol 25:81–94
Filhol H (1891) Études sur les mammifères fossiles de Sansan. Libraire de l’Académie de Médecine. G. Masson, Paris
Fraas O (1870) Die Fauna von Steinheim. Mit Rücksicht auf die miocenen Säugethier und Vogelreste des Steinheimer Beckens. Jahresh Ges Natkd Wuertt 26:230–244
Fraser D, Theodor JM (2011) Anterior dentary shape as an indicator of diet in ruminant artiodactyls. J Vertebr Paleontol 31(6):1366–1375. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2011.605404
Gailer JP (2007) Vergleichende Funktionsmorphologie der Extremitäten der Tragulidae (Mammalia) mit Sus (Suidae, Mammalia) und Capreolus (Cervidae, Mammalia). Unpubl. Diploma Thesis. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München
Gentry A (2003) Ruminantia (Artiodactyla). In: Fortelius M, Kappelman J, Bernor RL (eds) Geology and paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey. Columbia University Press, New York
Gentry AW, Rössner GE, Heizmann EPJ (1999) Suborder Ruminantia. In: Rössner GE, Heissig K (eds) The Miocene land mammals of Europe. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, pp 225–253
Geraads D, Kaya T, Mayda S (2005) Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications. Acta Palaeontol Pol 50(3):523–544
Geraads D, Spassov N, Hristova L, Markov GN, Tzankov V (2011) Upper Miocene mammals from Strumyani, South-Western Bulgaria. Geodiversitas 33(3):451–484
Ginsburg L (1967) Une faune de Mammiféres dans l’Helvétien marin des Sos (Lot-et-Garonne) et de Rimbez (Landes). Bull Soc Geol Fr 7(IX):5–18
Ginsburg L (1999) Remarques sur la systématique des Palaeomerycidae (Cervoidea, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) d’Europe. CR Acad Sci II 329:757–762
Ginsburg L, Azanza B (1991) Présence de bois chez les femelles du cervidé miocène Dicrocerus elegans et remarques sur le problème de l’origine du dimorphisme sexuel sur les appendices frontaux des cervidés. Antlers in females of the Miocene deer Dicrocerus elegans and some remarks on the origin of the sexual dimorphism in the deer cranial appendices. C R Acad Sci II 313(1):121–126
Ginsburg L, Crouzel F (1976) Contribution à la connaissance d’Heteroprox larteti (Filhol): Cervidé du Miocène européen. B Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat Sc Terr 58:345–357
Göhlich UB, Gross M (2014) The Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) avian fauna from Gratkorn, Austria. In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J (eds) The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 94(1). doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0139-3
Gross M, Böhme M, Prieto J (2011) Gratkorn: a benchmark locality for the continental Sarmatian s.str. of the Central Paratethys. Int J Earth Sci 100(8):1895–1913. doi: 10.1007/s00531-010-0615-1
Gross M, Böhme M, Havlik P, Aiglstorfer M (2014) The late Middle Miocene (Sarmatian s.str.) fossil site Gratkorn – the first decade of research, geology, stratigraphy and vertebrate fauna. Palaeobio Palaeoenv. doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0149-1
Guo J, Dawson MR, Beard KC (2000) Zhailimeryx, a new Lophiomerycid artiodactyl (Mammalia) from the late Middle Eocene of Central China and the early evolution of ruminants. J Mamm Evol 7(4):239–258
Harzhauser M, Daxner-Höck G, Göhlich UB, Nagel D (2011) Complex faunal mixing in the early Pannonian palaeo-Danube Delta (Late Miocene, Gaweinstal, Lower Austria). Ann Naturhist Mus Wien A 113:167–208
Haupt O (1935) Bemerkungen über die Hirsche aus dem Dinotheriensand Rheinhessens. Notizbl Hess Geol La 5 (16)
Havlik P, Aiglstorfer M, Beckman A, Gross M, Böhme M (2014) Taphonomical and ichnological considerations on the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Styria, Austria) with focus on large mammal taphonomy. In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J (eds) The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 94(1). doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0142-8
Heintz E (1970) Les cervidés villafranchiens de France et d’Espagne, Vol. I+II. Mem Mus Natl Hist Nat C22 special volume I and II:I: 1-303 II: 301-206
Heizmann EPJ, Reiff W (2002) Der Steinheimer Meteorkrater. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München
Hensel R (1859) Ueber einen fossilen Muntjac aus Schlesien. Z Dtsch Geol Ges 11(2):251–279
Hillenbrand V, Göhlich UB, Rössner GE (2009) The early Vallesian vertebrates of Atzelsdorf (Late Miocene, Austria) 7. Ruminantia. Ann Naturhist Mus Wien A 111:519–556
Hofmann A (1893) Die Fauna von Göriach. Abh K-K Geol Reichsanst 15:1–87
Hofmann A (1909) Säugetierreste aus einigen Braunkohleablagerungen Bosniens und der Herzegovina. Wiss Mitt Bos Herz 11 (1)
Janis CM (1990) Correlation of cranial and dental variables with body size in ungulates and macropodoids. In: Damuth J, MacFadden B (eds) Body size in mammalian paleobiology estimations and biological implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 225–300
Janis CM, Ehrhardt D (1988) Correlation of relative muzzle width and relative incisor width with dietary preference in ungulates. Zool J Linn Soc 92:267–284
Janis CM, Scott KM (1987) The interrelationships of higher ruminant families with special emphasis on the members of the Cervoidea. Am Mus Novit 2893:1–85
Kaiser TM, Rössner GE (2007) Dietary resource partitioning in ruminant communities of Miocene wetland and karst palaeoenvironments in Southern Germany. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 252(3–4):424–439. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.013
Kaup JJ (1833) Darmstadt, 2. Juli 1833 [letter to Bronn]. Neues Jahrb Geol 419–420
Kaup JJ (1839) Description d’ossements fossiles de Mammifères inconnus jusqu´à présent, qui se trouvent au Muséum grand-ducal de Darmstadt, cinquième cahier. J.P. Diehl, Darmstadt
Kaup JJ, Scholl JB (1834) Verzeichniss der Gypsabgüsse von den ausgezeichnetsten urweltlichen Thierresten des Grossherzoglichen Museums zu Darmstadt. J.P. Diehl, Darmstadt
Köhler M (1987) Boviden des türkischen Miozäns (Känozoikum und Braunkohlen der Türkei. 28). Pal i Evol 21:133–246
Köhler M (1993) Skeleton and habitat of recent and fossil ruminants. Münchner Geowiss Abh 25:87
König HE, Liebich HG (2008) Anatomie der Haussäugetiere. Lehrbuch und Farbatlas für Studium und Praxis. Schattauer, Stuttgart
Lartet È (1851) Notice sur la colline de Sansan. Suivie d’une récapitulation de diverses espéces d’animaux vertébrés fossiles trouvés soit à Sansan, soit dans d’autres gisements du terrain tertiaire mioce`ne dans le bassin sous-pyrénéen. Auch (Portes)
Leinders JJM (1979) On the osteology and function of the digits of some ruminants and their bearing on taxonomy. Z Säugetierkd 44:305–318
López-Guerrero P, García-Paredes I, Hoek Ostende LW van den, van Dam JA, Álvarez-Sierra MÀ, Hernández-Ballarín V, Meulen AJ van der, Oliver A, Paláez-Campomanes P (2011) Cañada: a new micromammal succession from the lower Vallesian and Turolian of the Daroca area (Calatayud- Montalbán basin, Spain). Estud Geol 67(2):443–453
Made J van der (1989) The bovid Pseudoeotragus seegrabensis nov. gen., nov. sp. from the Aragonian (Miocene) of Seegraben near Leoben (Austria). Proc K Ned Akad Wet B 92(3):215–240
Made J van der (1996) Listriodontinae (Suidae, Mammalia), their evolution, systematics and distribution in time and space. Contrib Tert Quatern Geol 33(1–4):3–254
Made J van der (2012) Eotragus clavatus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae, Boselaphini) de Sansan. In: Peigné S, Sen S (eds) Mammifères de Sansan. Mem Mus Natl Hist Nat 203:145–199
Made J van der, Güleç ES, Erkman AC (2013) Microstonyx (Suidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of Hayranlı-Haliminhanı, Turkey. Turk J Zool 37:106–122
Made J van der, Prieto J, Aiglstorfer M, Böhme M, Gross M (2014) Taxonomic study of the pigs (Suidae, Mammalia) from the late Middle Miocene of Gratkorn (Austria, Styria). In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J (eds) The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 94(1). doi: 10.1007/s12549-014-0152-1
Matsubayashi H, Bosi E, Kohshima S (2003) Activity and habitat use of lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus). J Mammal 84(1):234–242
Mattioli S (2011) Cervidae. In: Wilson DE, Mittermeier R (eds) Handbook of the mammals of the world. Lynx, Madrid, pp 350–443
Meijaard E (2011) Tragulidae. In: Wilson DE, Mittermeier R (eds) Handbook of the mammals of the world, vol 2. Hoofed mammals. Lynx, Madrid, pp 320–336
Mendoza M, Janis CM, Palmqvist P (2006) Estimating the body mass of extinct ungulates: a study on the use of multiple regression. J Zool 270:90–101
Mennecart B, Becker D, Berger J-P (2011) Iberomeryx minor (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Early Oligocene of Soulce (Canton Jura, NW Switzerland): systematics and palaeodiet. Swiss J Geosci (SJG) 104(Suppl. 1):S115–S132
Merceron G (2009) The early Vallesian vertebrates of Atzelsdorf (Late Miocene, Austria) 13. Dental wear patterns of herbivorous ungulates as ecological indicators. Ann Naturhist Mus Wien A 111:647–660
Merceron G, Schulz E, Kordos L, Kaiser TM (2007) Paleoenvironment of Dryopithecus brancoi at Rudabánya, Hungary: evidence from dental meso- and micro-wear analyses of large vegetarian mammals. J Hum Evol 53(4):331–349. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.008
Métais G, Chaimanee Y, Jaeger J-J, Ducrocq S (2001) New remains of primitive ruminants from Thailand: evidence of the early evolution of the Ruminantia in Asia. Zool Scr 30:231–248
Meyer H von (1846) Säugethiere in Molasse zu Günzburg an der Donau. Neues Jahrb Min Geogn Geol und Petref:472–473
Milne Edwards A (1864) Recherches anatomiques, zoologiques et paléontologiques sur la famille des Chevrotains. Martinet, Paris
Montoya P, Morales J (2004) Los últimos tragúlidos (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) del registro fósil español: Dorcatherium naui Kaup, 1833 del Turoliense inferior de Crevillente 2 (Alicante). Zona Arqueológica, 4. Miscelánea en homenaje a Emiliano Aguirre 2:328–335
Morales J, Moyà-Solà S, Soria D (1981) Presencia de la familia Moschidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) en el Vallesiense de España: Hispanomeryx duriensis novo gen. nova sp. Estud Geol 37:467–475
Morales J, Soria D, Sánchez IM, Quiralte V, Pickford M (2003) Tragulidae from Arrisdrift, basal Middle Miocene, Southern Namibia. Mem Geol Sur Namibia 19:359–369
Morales J, Sánchez IM, Quiralte V (2012) Les Tragulidae (Artiodactyla) de Sansan. In: Peigné S, Sen S (eds) Mammifères de Sansan. Mem Mus Natl Hist Nat 203:225–247
Mottl M (1954) Dorcatherium im Unterpliozän der Steiermark. Mitteilungen Des Museums Für Bergbau Geologie Und Technik Am Landesmuseum “Joanneum”, Graz 13:72–75
Mottl M (1961) Die Dorcatherien der Steiermark. Mitt Mus Bergbaustud Geol Tech Landesmus Joanneum Graz 22:21–71
Mottl M (1966) VIII. Eine neue unterpliozäne Säugetierfauna aus der Steiermark, SO-Österreich. Mitt Mus Bergbaustud Geol Tech Landesmus Joanneum Graz 28:33–62
Mottl M (1970) Die jungtertiären Säugetierfaunen der Steiermark, Südost-Österreichs. Mitt Mus Bergbaustud Geol Tech Landesmus Joanneum Graz 31:3–92
Moyà-Solà S (1979) Estudio de Dorcatherium naui Kaup 1833, de las cuencas del Vallés (Barcelona) y de la Seu d’Urgell (Lleida), y su esqueleto locomotor. Interpretación ecológico-funcional. Unpubl. Master Thesis. Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona
Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E (1968) Bewegungsapparat, vol 1. Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere. Paul Parey, Berlin
Prieto J, Angelone C, Casanovas-Vilar I, Gross M, Hir J, Hoek Ostende L van der, Maul LC, Vasilyan D (2014) The small mammals from Gratkorn: an overview. In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J (eds) The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 94(1). doi: 10.1007/s12549-013-0147-3
Qui Z, Gu Y (1991) The Aragonian vertebrate fauna of Xiacaowan—8. Dorcatherium (Tragulidae, Artiodactyla). Vert Palas 29(1):21–37
Rinnert P (1956) Die Huftiere aus dem Braunkohlenmiozän der Oberpfalz. Palaeontogr A 107(1–2):1–65
Romaggi J-P (1987) Les Antilopes du Miocene Superieur du Coiron (Ardeche, France). Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon
Rössner GE (1995) Odontologische und schädelanatomische Untersuchungen an Procervulus (Cervidae, Mammalia). Münchner Geowiss Abh A 29:127
Rössner GE (2006) A community of middle Miocene Ruminantia (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the German Molasse Basin. Palaeontogr A 277(1–6):103–112
Rössner GE (2007) Family Tragulidae. In: Prothero DR, Foss SE (eds) The evolution of artiodactyls. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 213–220
Rössner GE (2010) Systematics and palaeoecology of Ruminantia (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (southern Germany, Northern Alpine Foreland Basin). Paläontol Z 84(1):123–162. doi: 10.1007/s12542-010-0052-2
Rössner GE, Heissig K (2013) New records of Dorcatherium guntianum (Tragulidae), stratigraphical framework, and diphyletic origin of European tragulids. Swiss J Geosci 106:335–347. doi: 10.1007/s00015-013-0132-x
Sach VJ (1999) Litho- und biostratigraphische Untersuchungen in der Oberen Süßwassermolasse des Landkreises Biberach a. d. Riß (Oberschwaben). Stuttg Beitr Naturk B 276:1–167
Sach VJ, Heizmann EPJ (2001) Stratigraphie und Säugetierfaunen der Brackwassermolasse in der Umgebung von Ulm (Südwestdeutschland). Stuttg Beitr Naturk B 310:1–95
Sánchez IM, Morales J (2008) Micromeryx azanzae sp. nov. (Ruminantia: Moschidae) from the middle-upper Miocene of Spain, and the first description of the cranium of Micromeryx. J Vertebr Paleontol 28(3):873–885. doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[873:masnrm]2.0.co;2
Sánchez IM, Domingo MS, Morales J (2009) New data on the Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the upper Miocene of Spain (Mn 10–Mn 11). J Vertebr Paleontol 29(2):567–575. doi: 10.1671/039.029.0223
Sánchez IM, Domingo MS, Morales J (2010a) The genus Hispanomeryx (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Moschidae) and its bearing on musk deer phylogeny and systematics. Palaeontology 53(5):1023–1047. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00992.x
Sánchez IM, Quiralte V, Morales J, Pickford M (2010b) A new genus of tragulid ruminant from the early Miocene of Kenya. Acta Palaeontol Pol 55(2):177–187
Sánchez IM, DeMiguel D, Quiralte V, Morales J (2011a) The first known Asian Hispanomeryx (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Moschidae). J Vertebr Paleontol 31(6):1397–1403. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2011.618155
Sánchez IM, Quiralte V, Morales J (2011b) Solving an old dispute: Anatomical differences between the European Miocene Chevrotains Dorcatherium crassum LARTET, 1839 and Dorcatherium naui KAUP & SCHOLL, 1834 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Tragulidae) Pal i Evol, Mem Espec 5:343–347
Schlosser M (1886) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Stammesgeschichte der Huftiere und Versuch einer Systematik der Paar- und Unpaarhufer. Morphol Jahrb 12:1–136
Schlosser M (1916) Neue Funde fossiler Säugetiere in der Eichstätter Gegend. Bayer Akad Wiss Math-Natur Kl Abh 28:1–78
Schmid E (1972) Atlas of animal bones for prehistorians, archaeologists and quaternary geologists. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Scott KM (1990) Postcranial dimensions of ungulates as predictors of body mass. In: Damuth J, MacFadden B (eds) Body size in mammalian paleobiology: estimations and biological implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 301–336
Seehuber U (2008) Litho- und biostratigraphische Untersuchungen in der Oberen Süßwassermolasse in der Umgebung von Kirchheim in Schwaben. Ludwig–Maximilians–Universität München, München
Solounias N (2007) Family Giraffidae. In: Prothero DR, Foss SE (eds) The evolution of artiodactyls. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 257–291
Stehlin HG (1928) Bemerkungen über die Hirsche von Steinheim am Albuch. Eclogae Geol Helv 21:245–256
Stehlin HG (1937) Bemerkungen über die miocaenen Hirschgenera Stephanocemas und Lagomeryx. Verh Naturforsch Ges Basel 48:193–214
Stehlin HG (1939) Dicrocerus elegans LARTET und sein Geweihwechsel. Eclogae Geol Helv 32(2):162–179
Stromer E (1928) Wirbeltiere im obermiocänen Flinz Münchens. Bayer Akad Wiss Math-Natur Kl Abh 32(1):1–71
Suttie JM, Fennessey PF (1990) Antler regeneration: studies with antler removal, axial tomography, and angiography. In: Bubenik GA, Bubenik AB (eds) Horns, pronghorns, and antlers. Springer, New York, pp 313–338
Thenius E (1948) Zur Kenntnis der fossilen Hirsche des Wiener Beckens, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer stratigraphischen Bedeutung. Ann Naturhist Mus Wien 56:262–308
Thenius E (1950) Die tertiären Lagomeryciden und Cerviden der Steiermark. Oesterr Akad Wiss Math-Natwiss Kl Sitzungsber Abt I Biol Wiss Erdwiss 159:219–254
Thenius E (1951) Gazella cf. deperdita aus dem mitteleuropäischen Vindobonien und das Auftreten der Hipparionfauna. Eclogae Geol Helv 44(2):381–394
Thenius E (1952) Die Säugetierfauna aus dem Torton von Neudorf an der March (CSR). N Jb Geol Paläont, Abh 96(1):27–136
Thenius E (1989) Mammalia, vol 8. Handbuch der Zoologie Handbook of Zoology. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin
Tobien H (1961) Palaeomeryx eminens H. v. M. (Cervoidea, Mamm.) aus dem unterpliozänen Dinotheriensanden Rheinhessens. N Jb Geol Paläont, Mh 9:483–489
Tütken T, Vennemann T (2009) Stable isotope ecology of Miocene large mammals from Sandelzhausen, southern Germany. Paläontol Z 83(1):207–226. doi: 10.1007/s12542-009-0011-y
Tütken T, Vennemann TW, Janz H, Heizmann EPJ (2006) Palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate of the Middle Miocene lake in the Steinheim basin, SW Germany: A reconstruction from C, O, and Sr isotopes of fossil remains. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 241(3–4):457–491. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.04.007
Ungar PS, Scott JR, Curran SC, Dunsworth HM, Harcourt-Smith WEH, Lehmann T, Manthi FK, McNulty KP (2012) Early Neogene environments in East Africa: Evidence from dental microwear of tragulids. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 342–343(0):84–96. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.05.005
Vislobokova IA (2001) Evolution and classification of Tragulina (Ruminantia, Artiodactyla). Paleontol J 35(Suppl. 2):S69–S145
Vislobokova IA (2007) New data on late Miocene Mammals of Kohfidisch, Austria. Pal J 41(4):451–460