Doppler Detection of Hydroxyl Column Abundance in the Middle Atmosphere: 2. Measurement for Three Years and Comparison with a 1D Model

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry - Tập 29 - Trang 195-216 - 1998
N. Iwagami1, S. Inomata2, T. Ogawa1
1Department of Earth and Planetary Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan

Tóm tắt

The hydroxyl column abundance in the middle atmosphere is measured for 3 years in Tokyo by ground-based uv absorption spectroscopy utilizing the Doppler shift of the solar spectrum due to the solar rotation. The diurnal and seasonal variations of the measured column abundance are found to be reproduced qualitatively by a one-dimensional photochemical-diffusive model; however, the measured column abundances are smaller than the calculated by 20 to 30% systematically.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Badger, R. M., Wright, A. C., and Whitlock, R. F., 1965: Absolute intensities of the discrete and continuous absorption bands of oxygen gas at 1.26 and 1.065 µ and the radiative lifetime of the 1Δg state oxygen, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 4345–4350. Brasseur, G. and Simon, P. C., 1981: Stratospheric chemical and thermal response to long-term variability in solar UV irradiance, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 7343–7362. Burnett, C. R., 1976: Terrestrial OH abundance measurement by spectroscopic observation of resonance absorption of sunlight, Geophys. Res. Lett. 3, 319–322. Burnett, C. R. and Burnett, E. B., 1981: Stratospheric measurements of the vertical column abundance of hydroxyl (OH) in the earth's atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 5185–5202. Burnett, C. R. and Burnett, E. B., 1982: Vertical column abundance of atmospheric OH at solar maximum from Fritz Peak, Colorado, Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 708–711. Burnett, C. R. and Burnett, E. B., 1984: Observational results on the vertical column abundance of atmospheric hydroxyl: Description of its seasonal behavior 1977–1982 and of the 1982 El Chichon perturbation, J. Geophys. Res. 89, 9603–9611. Burnett, C. R. and Burnett, E. B., 1985: Atmospheric hydroxyl response to the partial solar eclipse of May 30, 1984, Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 263–266. Burnett, C. R., Minschwaner, K. R., and Burnett, E. B., 1988: Vertical column abundance measurements of atmospheric hydroxyl from 26°, 40°, and 65° N, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 5241–5253. Burnett, C. R., Minschwaner, K.R., and Burnett, E.B., 1990: OH vertical column abundance: Tropical measurements, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 16491–16495. Burnett, E. B. and Burnett, C. R., 1995: Enhanced production of stratospheric OH from methane oxidation at elevated reactive chlorine levels in northern midlatitudes, J. Atmos. Chem. 21, 13–41. Burnett, C. R. and Burnett, E. B., 1996: The regime of decreased OH vertical column abundance at Fritz Peak Observatory, CO: 1991–1995, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 1925–1927. Campbell, I. M. and Gray, C. N., 1973: Rate constant for O(3P) recombination and association with N(4S), Chem. Phys. Lett. 18, 607–609. Carr, E. S., Harwood, R. S., Mote, P. W., Peckam, G. E., Suttie, R. A., Lahoz, W. A., O'Neill, A., Froidevaux, L., Jarno, R. F., Read, W.G., Waters, J.W., Swinbank, R., 1995: Tropical stratospheric water vapor measured by the microwave limb sounder (MLS), Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 691–694. Chance, K., Traub, W. A., Johnson, D. G., Jucks, K. W., Ciarpallini, P., Stachnik, R. A., Salawitch, R. J., and Michelsen, H. A., 1996: Simultaneous measurements of stratospheric HOx, NOx, and Clx: Comparison with a photochemical model, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 9031–9043. CIRA: 1986, 1990, COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere 1986, (D. Rees, J. J. Barnett and K. Labitzke (eds)), 1990, Adv. Space Res. 10(12), 336–339. Clancy, R. T., Sandor, B. J., Rusch, D.W., and Muhleman, D. O., 1994: Microwave observations and modeling of O3, H2O and HO2 in the mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 5465–5473. Cohen, R. C., Wennberg, P. O., Stimpfle, R. M., Koplow, J., Anderson, J. G., Fahey, D. W., Woodbridge, E. I., Keim, E. R., Gao, R., Proffitt, M. H., Loewenstein, M., and Chan, K. R., 1994: Are models of catalytic removal of O3 by HOx accurate? Constraints from in situ measurements of the OH to HO2 ratio, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 2539–2542. Conway, R. R., Stevens, M. H., Cardon, J. G., Zasadil, S. E., Brown, C. M., Morrill, J. S., and Mount, G. H., 1996: Satellite measurements of hydroxyl in the mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2093–2096. DeMore, W. B., Sander, S. P., Golden, D. M., Hampson, R. F., Kurylo, M. J., Howerd, C. J., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E., and Molina, M. J., 1994: Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling, JPL Publ. 9426. Donahue, N.M., Dubey, M. K., Mohrschladt, R., Demerjian, K. L., and Anderson, J. G., 1997: High-pressure flow of the reactions OH + NOx → HONOx: Errors in the falloff region, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 6159–6168. Froidevaux, L., Allen, M., and Yung, Y. L., 1985: A critical analysis of ClO and O3 in the midlatitude stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 12999–13029. Gordley, L. L., Russel III, J. M., Mickley, L. J., Frederick, J. E., Park, J. H., Stone, K. A., Beaver, G. M., McInerney, J. M., Deaver, L. E., Toon, G. C., Murcray, F. J., Blatherwick, D., Gunson, M. R., Abbatt, J. P. D., Mauldin III, R. L., Mount, G.H., Sen, B. and Blavier, J.-F., 1996: Validation of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide measurements made by the halogen occultation experiment for UARS platform, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 10241–10266. Iwagami, N., Inomata, S., Murata, I., and Ogawa, T., 1995: Doppler detection of hydroxyl column abundance in the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Chem. 20, 1–15. Kumer, J. B., Mergenthaler, J. L., Roche, A. E., Nightingale, R.W., Ely, G. A., Uplinger, W. G., Gille, J. C., Massie, S. T., Bailey, P. L., Gunson, M. R., Abrams, M. C., Toon, G. C., Sen, B., Blavier, J.F., Stachnik, R. A., Webster, C. R., May, R. D., Murcray, D. G., Murcray, F. J., Goldman, A., Traub, W. A., Jucks, K.W., and Johnson, D. G., 1996: Comparison of correlative data with HNO3 version 7 from the CLAES instrument deployed on the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 9621–9656. Lean, J., 1987: Solar ultraviolet irradiance variations: A review, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 839–868. McCormick, M. P., Chiou, E.W., McMaster, L. R., Chu, W. P., Larsen, J. C., Rind, D., and Oltmans, S., 1993: Annual variations of water vapor in the stratosphere and upper troposphere observed by Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 4867–4874. Michelsen, H. A., Salawitch, R. J., Wennberg, P. O., and Anderson, J. G., 1994: Production of O(1D) from photolysis of O3, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 2227–2230. Morgan, M. F., Torr, D. G., and Torr, M. R., 1993: Preliminary measurements of mesospheric OH X 2Π by ISO on ATLAS 1, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 511–514. Nedoluha, G. E., Bevilacqua, R. M., Gomez, R. M., Waltman, W. B., Thacker, D. L., and Matthews, W. A., 1996: Measurements of water vapor in the middle atmosphere and implications for mesospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 21183–21193. Nicolet, P., 1979: Photodissociation of nitric oxide in the mesosphere and stratosphere: Simplified numerical relations for atmospheric model calculations, Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 866–868. Nicolet, P., 1981a: The solar spectral irradiance and its action in the atmospheric photodissociation processes, Planet. Space Sci. 29, 951–974. Nicolet, P., 1981b: The photodissociation of water vapor in the mesosphere, J. Geophys Res. 86, 5203–5208. Ogawa, T. and Shimazaki, T., 1975: Diurnal variations of odd nitrogen and ionic densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: Simultaneous solution of photochemical-diffusive equations, J. Geophys Res. 80, 3945–3960. Pickett, H. M. and Peterson, D. B., 1996: Comparison of measured stratospheric OH with prediction, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 16789–16796. Remsberg, E. E., Russell III, J.M., and Wu, C.Y., 1990: An interim reference model for the variability of the middle atmosphere water vapor distribution, Adv. Space Res. 10(6), 51–64. Shimazaki, T. and Ogawa, T., 1974: A theoretical model of minor constituent distributions in the stratosphere including diurnal variations, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 3411–3423. Shimazaki, T., 1985: Minor Constituents in the Middle Atmosphere, Terra Sci. Publ. Co., Tokyo, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht. Siskind, D. E., Connor, B. J., Eckman, R. S., Remsberg, E. E., Tsou, J. J., and Parrish, A., 1995: An intercomparison of model ozone deficits in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere from two data sets, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 11191–11201. Summers, M. E., Conway, R. R., Siskind, D. E., Bevilacqua, R., Strobel, D. F., and Zasadil, S., 1996: Mesospheric HOx photochemistry: Constraints from recent satellite measurements of OH and H2O, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2097–2100. Toohey, D.W., Avallone, L.M., Allen, N. T., Demusz, J. N., Hazen, J. N., and Anderson, J. G., 1993: The performance of a new instrument for in situ measurements of ClO in the lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 1791–1794. Tuck, A. F., Russell III, J.M., and Harries, J. E., 1993: Stratospheric dryness: Antiphased desiccation over Micronesia and Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 1227–1230. U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1966: U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Waters, J. W., Froidevaux, L., Read, W. G., Manney, G. L., Elson, L. S., Flower, D. A., Jarnot, R. F., and Harwood, R. S., 1993: Stratospheric ClO and ozone from the microwave limb sounder on the upper atmosphere research satellite, Nature 362, 597–602. Wood, S.W., Keep, D. J., Burnett, C. R., and Burnett, E. B., 1994: Column abundance measurements of atmospheric hydroxyl at 45° S, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 1607–1610.