Door-to-Door Collection of Food and Kitchen Waste in City Centers Under the Framework of Multimunicipal Waste Management Systems in Portugal: The Case Study of Aveiro
Tóm tắt
Separate collection of biowaste represents in Portugal only 2 % of total collected biowaste. Even though higher quality compost can be obtained through the separate collection of biowaste, this is generally regarded as more expensive and discarded as an option. In this work we assessed the viability of implementing the separate collection of biowaste targeting restaurants and canteens in city centers, using Aveiro as a case study. The current situation (no separate collection for biowaste) was compared with an alternative scenario in which biowaste was separately collected and valorized. The costs, constrains and the producers’ attitude towards such a collection scheme are presented and discussed. On average 0.46 kg of biowaste were produced per meal served. The acceptance of separate biowaste collection was high (67 %) among producers, and it could be increased further through informative campaigns and economic incentives such as pay-as-you-throw tariffs. Door-to-door collection of biowaste could reduce the cost per ton as much as 37 %, when compared to collection as unsorted waste. The major constrains for the implementation of separate collection of biowaste were the selection of alternative legal destinations to the MBT unit (which has the exclusivity to treat collected waste) and the lack of dedicated infrastructures at multimunicipal waste management facilities to handle separately collected biowaste.
Tài liệu tham khảo
JRC: Study report on end-of-waste criteria for Biodegradable waste subjected to biological treatment. Draft final report. Joint Research Centre/Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (JRC–IPTS). Seville, Spain (2013)
EC: Directive 2008/98/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives. Off. J. Eur. Union. L 312, 3–20 (2008)
Quina, M.J., Lopes, D.V., Cruz, L.G., Andrade, J., Martins, R.C., Gando-Ferreira, L.M., Dias-Ferreira, C., Quinta-Ferreira, R.M.: Studies on the chemical stabilization of digestate from mechanically recovered organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Waste Biomass Valoriz (this issue)
APA: Environmental report 2013 Portugal (in Portuguese). Lisboa, Portugal (2013)
Arcadis: Management of biowaste in the European Union (final report)., study contract NR 07. 0307/2008/517621/ETU/G4 European Commission DG environment ARCADIS project number—11/004759 |Version C| 12-02-2010 (2010)
Bourka, A., Malamis, D., Venetis, C., Moustakas, K., Konstantzos, G.E., Skiadi, O., Loizidou, M.: Athens-biowaste model: cost and carbon footprint calculation of the collection at source and treatment of biowaste. Waste Biomass Valoriz (this issue)
ERSUC: Relatório e Contas 2013. ERSUC—Resíduos Sólidos do Centro, SA, (2014) (in Portuguese)
SMA: Relatório Anual e Gestão de Contas 2013 of Serviços Municipalizados de Aveiro (In Portuguese) (2014)
GEP: Carta social, Gabinete de Estratégia e Planeamento, Ministério da Solidariedade, Emprego e Segurança Social. http://www.cartasocial.pt (2014). Accessed 28 April 2014 (in Portuguese)
Tchobanoglous, G., Theisn, H., Vigil, S.A. (1993). Integrated solid waste management: engineering principles and management issues. In: King, P.H., and Emeritus, R.E., (eds.) United States of America: McGraw-Hill, International Edition, 1008 p
Myrouteonline, Client version 3.10.3.698. www.myrouteonline.com (2014). Accessed 5 May 2014
OECD: Average annual hours actually worked per worker. OECD.StatExtracts. http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=ANHRS (2013). Accessed 3 Jan 2015
Sustainable life media–restaurants urged to reduce staggering food waste (22-Jan-2013). http://www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/articles/restaurants-urged-reduce-staggering-food-waste. Accessed 2 Feb 2015
Machado, A., Castro, F., Vieira, S. (2009). Identificação dos grandes e médios produtores de resíduos orgânicos da cidade de Aveiro. Projecto de Licenciatura em Engenharia do Ambiente, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal (in Portuguese)
European Commission (2009): Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European parliament and of the council of 21 October 2009, laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption and repealing regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (Animal by-products regulation)