Does homestead livestock production and ownership contribute to consumption of animal source foods? A pre-intervention assessment of rural farming communities in Tanzania

Azzarri, 2014, Does livestock ownership affect animal source foods consumption and child nutritional status? World Bank, Poverty and Inequality team Development Research Group, J. Dev. Stud. Bert, 2017, Raising chickens for increased egg consumption in a rural highland Bolivian population, J Food Secur., 1 Carletto, 2015, Farm level pathways to improved nutrition status: introduction to the special issue, J. Dev. Stud., 51, 945, 10.1080/00220388.2015.1018908 Neumann, 2003, Animal source foods improve dietary quality, micronutrient status, growth and cognitive function in Kenyan school children: background, study design and baseline findings, J. Nutr., 133, 3941S, 10.1093/jn/133.11.3941S Chingala, 2017, Determinants of smallholder farmers' perceptions of impact of climate change on beef production in Malawi, Clim. Change, 142, 129, 10.1007/s10584-017-1924-1 Cochrane, 2015 Cornelsen, 2016 Covarrubias, 2012, Livestock and livelihoods in rural Tanzania Dixon, 2001 Dror, 2011, The importance of milk and other animal-source foods for children in low-income countries, Food Nutr. Bull., 32, 227, 10.1177/156482651103200307 Dumas, 2018, Examining the association between livestock ownership typologies and child nutrition in the Luangwa valley, Zambia, PLoS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0191339 2011 2018, The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2018 2014 Gittelson, 2003, Sociocultural and household factors impacting on the selection, allocation and consumption of animal source foods: current knowledge and application, J. Nutr., 133, 4036S, 10.1093/jn/133.11.4036S Graef, 2017, Expert-based ex-ante assessments of potential social, ecological, and economic impacts of upgrading strategies for improving food security in rural Tanzania using the ScalA-FS approach, Food Secur., 9, 1255, 10.1007/s12571-016-0639-x Humphries, 2014, Households across all income quintiles, especially the poorest, increased animal source food expenditures substantially during recent Peruvian economic growth, PLoS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0110961 Jin, 2014, Livestock production, animal source food intake, and young child growth: the role of gender for ensuring nutrition impacts, Soc. Sci. Med., 105, 16, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.001 Jones, 2018, Livestock ownership is associated with higher odds of anaemia among preschool‐aged children, but not women of reproductive age in Ghana, Matern. Child Nutr., 14, e12604, 10.1111/mcn.12604 Kaur, 2017, Livestock ownership among rural households and child morbidity and mortality: an analysis of demographic health survey data from 30 Sub-Saharan African countries (2005–2015), Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 96, 741 Kinabo, 2016, Food intake and dietary diversity of farming households in Morogoro region, Tanzania, Afr. J. Food Agric. Dev., 16, 11295 Kitalyi, 2005, Why keep livestock if you are poor?, 13 Lai, 2007, 156 Leroy, 2007, Can interventions to promote animal production ameliorate undernutrition?, J. Nutr., 137, 2311, 10.1093/jn/137.10.2311 Lowder, 2016, The number, size, and distribution of farms, smallholder farms, and family farms worldwide, World Dev., 87, 16, 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.041 Mbwana, 2016, Determinants of household dietary practices in rural Tanzania: implications for nutrition interventions, J. Cogent Food Agric., 2 Mosites, 2016, Relations between household livestock ownership, livestock disease, and young child growth, J. Nutr., 146, 1118, 10.3945/jn.115.225961 Mosites, 2015, The relationship between livestock ownership and child stunting in three countries in Eastern Africa using national survey data, PLoS One, 10, 10.1371/journal.pone.0136686 2013 Neumann, 2014, Animal source foods as a food-based approach to improve diet and nutrition outcomes, 2014, 157 Nyantakyi-Frimpong, 2018, Leveraging smallholder livestock production to reduce anemia: a qualitative study of three agro-ecological zones in Ghana, J. Socio Sci. Med., 212, 191, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.028 Oniang'o, 2003, Contemporary African food habits and their nutritional and health implications, Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 12, 231 Osei, 2017, Combining home garden, poultry, and nutrition education program targeted to families with young children improved anemia among children and anemia and underweight among non-pregnant women in Nepal, Food Nutr. Bull., 38, 49, 10.1177/0379572116676427 Ruel, 2018, Nutrition-sensitive agriculture: what have we learned so far?, Glob. Food Secur., 1 Smith, 2013, Beyond milk, meat, and eggs: role of livestock in food and nutrition security, Animal Front., 3, 6, 10.2527/af.2013-0002 2015 Van den Bold, 2013 Workicho, 2016, Household dietary diversity and animal source food consumption in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2011 welfare monitoring survey, BMC Public Health, 16, 1192, 10.1186/s12889-016-3861-8 World Bank Tanzania Country Overview, 2013: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/overview Zhang, 2016, The importance of animal source foods for nutrient sufficiency in the developing world: the Zambia scenario, Food Nutr. Bull., 37, 2016, 10.1177/0379572116647823 Bundala, 2019, Gaps in knowledge and practice on dietary consumption among rural farming households; A call for nutrition education training in Tanzania., International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 10.1080/09637486.2019.1655533 Allen, 2003, Interventions for micronutrient deficiency control in developing countries: past, present and future, J. Nutr., 133, 3875S, 10.1093/jn/133.11.3875S Randolph, 2007, Invited review: role of livestock in human nutrition and health for poverty reduction in developing countries, J. Anim. Sci., 85, 2788, 10.2527/jas.2007-0467 Phuong, 2014, Effects of Socio-economic and Demographic Variables on Meat Consumption in Vietnam, Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4, 972 2007, 131