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Liệu dân chủ có giúp giảm suy thoái môi trường?
Tóm tắt
Mục đích chính của nghiên cứu này là tìm hiểu mối liên hệ giữa dân chủ và suy thoái môi trường tại 26 quốc gia trong Tổ chức Hợp tác và Phát triển Kinh tế (OECD) từ năm 1990 đến 2015 bằng cách sử dụng các phương pháp ước lượng dữ liệu bảng, hoạt động tốt trong điều kiện phụ thuộc theo chiều cắt ngang. Các kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy: (i) Các phép thử cho thấy tồn tại sự phụ thuộc theo chiều cắt ngang giữa các thành viên bảng, và hệ số độ dốc là không đồng nhất, và (ii) kết quả ước lượng hệ số dài hạn với phương pháp ước lượng Augmented Mean Group cho thấy dân chủ, tiêu thụ năng lượng không tái tạo và thu nhập thực tế trên đầu người có tác động tiêu cực có ý nghĩa thống kê đến chất lượng môi trường, trong khi tiêu thụ năng lượng tái tạo có tác động tích cực. Cũng không có mối quan hệ có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa đô thị hóa và chất lượng môi trường. Những phát hiện này cho thấy dân chủ hoạt động kém trong việc giải quyết các vấn đề môi trường giữa các quốc gia OECD; do đó, việc nâng cao chất lượng môi trường mâu thuẫn với các Mục tiêu Phát triển Bền vững (SDGs) về việc tạo ra các tổ chức mạnh mẽ và các mục tiêu tăng trưởng kinh tế. Hơn nữa, việc thúc đẩy tiêu thụ năng lượng tái tạo có thể là một lựa chọn hiệu quả trong việc giảm suy thoái môi trường; do đó, có thể nói rằng việc thúc đẩy sử dụng năng lượng sạch và nâng cao các mục tiêu chất lượng môi trường của SDGs là hài hòa với nhau.
Từ khóa
#dân chủ #suy thoái môi trường #OECD #tiêu thụ năng lượng tái tạo #Mục tiêu phát triển bền vữngTài liệu tham khảo
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