Giá trị thu nhập hộ gia đình có ảnh hưởng đến khí thải carbon không? Kết quả cho các hộ gia đình đơn ở Ba Lan

Lilia Karpinska1, Sławomir Śmiech2
1Department of Microeconomics, Krakow University of Economics, Krakow, Poland
2Department of Statistics, Krakow University of Economics, Krakow, Poland

Tóm tắt

Một thách thức quan trọng của kế hoạch Fit for 55 là giảm khí thải từ hộ gia đình. Để làm được điều này, cần hiểu rõ các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến khí thải và vai trò cụ thể của thu nhập hộ gia đình. Nghiên cứu này kiểm nghiệm tính hợp lệ của đường cong Kuznets môi trường (EKC) cho các hộ gia đình và liên kết khí thải carbon với thu nhập, quy mô nhà ở, nguồn năng lượng và tình trạng nghèo năng lượng ẩn. Chúng tôi sử dụng dữ liệu hộ gia đình cá nhân từ cuộc khảo sát tiêu thụ năng lượng Ba Lan, kết hợp với dữ liệu từ cuộc khảo sát ngân sách, cả hai đều do Cục Thống kê Ba Lan biên soạn. EKC được ước lượng trong hai kịch bản, tức là, hỗn hợp năng lượng hiện tại và điện không carbon. Mô hình của chúng tôi dựa trên kỹ thuật bình phương tối thiểu đã bị cắt tỉa. Nghiên cứu xác nhận sự tồn tại của đường cong EKC hình chữ U ngược trong các hộ gia đình, điều này đặc biệt liên quan đến những người sở hữu nhà nhỏ. Kết quả này có thể được giải thích bởi việc tiêu thụ năng lượng dưới mức thường thấy ở các hộ gia đình nghèo nhất, trong khi các hộ gia đình giàu có thường sống trong các tòa nhà tiết kiệm năng lượng và sử dụng nhiều nhiên liệu ít carbon hơn. Điểm chuyển giao đạt được ở mức thu nhập 373 euro và 3425 kg khí thải carbon trong kịch bản hỗn hợp năng lượng thông thường so với 560 euro và 5104 kg trong kịch bản điện sạch. Ngoài thu nhập, khí thải carbon hộ gia đình còn có mối liên hệ với kích thước ngôi nhà và tình trạng nghèo năng lượng ẩn, điều này nên nằm trong tầm nhìn của các nhà hoạch định chính sách.

Từ khóa

#khí thải carbon; thu nhập hộ gia đình; đường cong Kuznets môi trường; nghèo năng lượng ẩn; năng lượng tiết kiệm

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