Does Money Matter in Pennsylvania? School District Spending and Student Proficiency Since No Child Left Behind
Tóm tắt
Using data spanning school years 2000–2001 through 2008–2009 and across 500 school districts, I find a positive and statistically significant relationship between a district's rate of increase in spending on regular instruction and the percentage by which its students’ “passing rate” improves on the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) tests. This relationship is most pronounced for student cohorts who took the tests initially as 5th graders and later as 8th graders; it is evident as well for 8th–11th grade cohorts. The relationship is likewise more pronounced when the focus is restricted to test outcomes among demographic subgroups.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bruno, James, and Jo Ann Isken . 1996. Inter and Intraschool Site Student Transiency: Practical and Theoretical Implications for Instructional Continuity at Inner City Schools. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 29 (4): 239–252.
Burtless, Gary T., ed. 1996. Does Money Matter? The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement and Adult Success. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Card, David, and A. Abigail Payne . 2002. School Finance Reform, the Distribution of School Spending, and the Distribution of Student Test Scores. Journal of Public Economics, 83 (1): 49–82.
Childs, T. Stephen, and Charol Shakeshaft . 1986. A Meta-Analysis of Research on the Relationship between Educational Expenditures and Student Achievement. Journal of Education Finance, 12 (3): 249–263.
Dee, Thomas . 2005. Expense Preference and Student Achievement in School Districts. Eastern Economic Journal, 31 (1): 23–44.
Ferguson, Ronald, and Helen Ladd . 1996. How and Why Money Matters: An Analysis of Alabama Schools, in Holding Schools Accountable: Performance Based Reform in Education, edited by Helen Ladd. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 265–298.
Grubb, W. Norton . 2006. When Money Might Matter: Using NELS88 to Examine the Weak Effects of School Funding. Journal of Education Finance, 31 (4): 360–378.
Hanushek, Eric . 1996. School Resources and Student Performance, in Does Money Matter? edited by Gary Burtless. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Hanushek, Eric . 2003. The Failure of Input Based Schooling Policies. The Economic Journal, 113 (485): F64–F98.
Hanushek, Eric, John Kain, and Steven Rivkin . 2004. Disruption Versus Tiebout Improvement: The Costs and Benefits of Switching Schools. Journal of Public Economics, 88 (2004): 1721–1746.
Hanushek, Eric, Steven Rivkin, and Lori Taylor . 1996. Aggregation and the Estimated Effects of School Resources. Review of Economics and Statistics, 78 (4): 611–627.
Hedges, Larry, and Rob Greenwald . 1996. Have Times Changed? The Relation between School Resources and Student Performance, in Does Money Matter? edited by Gary Burtless.Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Hoxby, Caroline . 2000. The Effects of Class Size on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Population Variation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (4): 1239–1285.
Klein, Christopher . 2008. Intradistrict Public School Funding Equity, Community Resources, and Performance in Nashville, Tennessee. Journal of Education Finance, 34 (1): 1–14.
Knoeppel, Robert C., Deborah A. Verstegen, and James S. Rinehart . 2007. What is the Relationship between Resources and Student Achievement? A Canonical Analysis. Journal of Education Finance, 33 (2): 183–202.
Krueger, Alan . 2003. Economic Considerations and Class Size. The Economic Journal, 113 (485): F34–F63.
MacPhail-Wilcox, Bettye, and Richard King . 1986. Production Functions Revisited in the Context of Educational Reform. Journal of Education Finance, 12 (2): 191–222.
Neymotin, Florence . 2010. The Relationship between School Funding and Student Achievement in Kansas Public Schools. Journal of Education Finance, 36 (1): 88–108.
Pennsylvania Department of Education. 2006a. Accountability Block Grant: Mid Year Report, 2005–2006. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Education.
Pennsylvania Department of Education. 2006b. Educational Assistance Program Final Expenditure Report, Starting Year 2005–2006. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Education.
Pennsylvania Department of Education. 2009. Manual of Accounting and Financial Reporting for PA Public Schools: Chart of Accounts. Available (7/9/10) at: http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/general_fund_budget/12777/pde-2028/606285.
Pennsylvania Department of Education. 2010. Governor Rendell Signs 2010–2011 Budget that Preserves Education Gains. Available (7/8/10) at http://www.education.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/news_releases/7201.
Pennsylvania Department of Education. (various years). PSSA Results, Available at: http://www.pde.state.pa.us/a_and_t/cwp/.
Pennsylvania Department of Education. (various years). Selected Expenditure Data for Pennsylvania Public Schools. Available at: http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12%5Ffinances/.
Thacker, Arthur A. 2004. PSSA Issues and Recommendations. Human Resources Research Corporation, HumRRO Report No. FR-04-34. Available at: http://www.pde.state.pa.us.
Verstegen, Deborah, and Richard King . 1998. The Relationship between School Spending and Student Achievement: A Review and Analysis of 35 Years of Production Function Research. Journal of Education Finance, 24 (1): 243–262.