Dữ liệu tự báo cáo có đo lường chính xác sự bất bình đẳng về sức khỏe trong các yếu tố nguy cơ bệnh tim mạch hay không?

International Journal of Public Health - Tập 64 - Trang 721-729 - 2019
Irina Kislaya1,2, Julian Perelman2, Hanna Tolonen3, Baltazar Nunes1,2
1Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Lisbon, Portugal
2Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
3Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu này nhằm so sánh mức độ bất bình đẳng giáo dục trong huyết áp tự báo cáo và huyết áp đo lường bằng xét nghiệm, cũng như đánh giá tác động của lỗi đo lường tự báo cáo đến các chỉ số bất bình đẳng sức khỏe. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng dữ liệu từ Khảo sát Kiểm tra Sức khỏe Quốc gia Bồ Đào Nha (n = 4911). Chỉ số độ dốc của bất bình đẳng (SII) và chỉ số tương đối của bất bình đẳng (RII) được sử dụng để xác định mức độ bất bình đẳng liên quan đến giáo dục tuyệt đối và tương đối. Trong số nam giới từ 25 đến 49 tuổi, mức độ bất bình đẳng tuyệt đối và tương đối thấp hơn đối với huyết áp tự báo cáo so với huyết áp đo lường bằng xét nghiệm (SIIeb = 0.18 so với SIIsr = −0.001, p < 0.001; RIIeb = 1.99 so với RIIsr = 0.86, p = 0.031). Đối với phụ nữ, mức độ bất bình đẳng tương đối tương tự mặc dù có sự khác biệt về tỷ lệ huyết áp tự báo cáo và huyết áp đo lường bằng xét nghiệm. Đối với tăng cholesterol máu, mức độ bất bình đẳng tương đối tự báo cáo lớn hơn so với mức độ bất bình đẳng dựa trên xét nghiệm ở nam giới từ 50 đến 74 tuổi (RIIsr = 2.28 so với RIIeb = 1.21, p = 0.004) và phụ nữ (RIIsr = 1.22 so với RIIeb = 0.87, p = 0.045), trong khi không có sự khác biệt nào được quan sát thấy giữa những người từ 25 đến 49 tuổi. Dữ liệu tự báo cáo đã đánh giá thấp sự bất bình đẳng về giáo dục đối với nam giới từ 25 đến 49 tuổi và đánh giá quá cao đối với những người lớn tuổi hơn. Các chỉ số bất bình đẳng được phát derive từ báo cáo tự túc cần được diễn giải cẩn thận, và các giá trị dựa trên xét nghiệm nên được ưu tiên, khi có sẵn.

Từ khóa

#sự bất bình đẳng sức khỏe #huyết áp #cholesterol #báo cáo tự túc #khảo sát sức khỏe

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