Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Những khát vọng cao có dẫn đến kết quả tốt hơn? Bằng chứng từ một cuộc khảo sát theo chiều dọc về thanh thiếu niên ở Peru
Tóm tắt
Sử dụng một cuộc khảo sát panel mới về thanh thiếu niên đô thị có mức sống tương đối thấp ở Peru, chúng tôi khám phá mối liên hệ giữa khát vọng giáo dục và xu hướng đầu tư vào tương lai. Khát vọng bao gồm hy vọng và khả năng hành động. Chúng tôi nhận thấy có khát vọng giáo dục đáng kể, ngay cả trong số những cá nhân và thanh thiếu niên tương đối nghèo đã trải qua các cú sốc tiêu cực, cho thấy mức độ bền bỉ cao. Chúng tôi cũng tìm thấy những khát vọng nghề nghiệp cao và khát vọng di cư. Những người tham gia có khát vọng cao cũng có khả năng cao hơn trong việc đầu tư vào giáo dục của họ và tránh các hành vi rủi ro. Đây là những mối liên hệ vì chúng tôi không có đủ dữ liệu để thiết lập mối liên hệ nhân quả, mặc dù chúng tôi đã có thể kiểm soát các đặc điểm bên trong cá nhân. Khát vọng ổn định theo thời gian và có mối liên hệ tích cực với các đặc điểm tính cách như tự tin và sự hài lòng trong cuộc sống, điều này giúp giải thích sự bền bỉ của chúng theo thời gian. Các phát hiện của chúng tôi bổ sung cho những nghiên cứu gần đây khác nhấn mạnh vai trò của các đặc điểm tính cách ngoài kỹ năng nhận thức trong các kết quả giáo dục, sức khỏe và kinh tế xã hội lâu dài.
Từ khóa
#khát vọng giáo dục #thanh thiếu niên #Peru #đầu tư tương lai #tính cách #bền bỉTài liệu tham khảo
Almlund M, Duckworth AL, Heckman J, Kautz T (2011) Personality psychology and economics, in: Hanushek, E.A., Machin, S.J., Woessman, L. (Eds.), Handbook of the economics of education. Elsevier, pp. 1–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53444-6.00001-8
Andrade-Chaico F, Andrade-Arenas L (2019) Projections on insecurity, unemployment and poverty and their consequences in Lima’s district San Juan de Lurigancho in the next 10 years, in: 2019 IEEE Sciences and humanities international research conference (SHIRCON). IEEE, pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/SHIRCON48091.2019.9024877
Appadurai A (2004) The capacity to aspire: culture and the terms of recognition. In: Rao V, Walton M (eds) Culture and public action. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California, pp 59–84
Bandura A, Barbaranelli C, Caprara GV, Pastorelli C (2001) Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children’s aspirations and career trajectories. Child Dev 72:187–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00273
Beal SJ, Crockett LJ (2010) Adolescents’ occupational and educational aspirations and expectations: links to high school activities and adult educational attainment. Dev Psychol 46:258–265. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017416
Beaman L, Duflo E, Pande R, Topalova P (2012) Female leadership raises aspirations and educational attainment for girls: a policy experiment in India. Science 335:582–586. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212382
Bernard T, Dercon S, Orkin K, Taffesse A (2014) The future in mind: aspirations and forward-looking behaviour in rural Ethiopia. CSAE Work. Pap. Ser. 2014–16.
Bernard T, Taffesse A (2014) Aspirations: an approach to measurement with validation using ethiopian data. J Afr Econ. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt030
Bernard T, Taffesse AS (2012) Measuring aspirations: discussion and example from Ethiopia. IFPRI Discuss. Pap.
Blakemore S-J, Mills KL (2014) Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annu Rev Psychol 65:187–207. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115202
Blum R, Boyden J (2018) Understand the lives of youth in low-income countries. Nat. 2021 5547693 554, 435–437https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-02107-w
Borghans L, Duckworth AL, Heckman JJ, ter Weel B (2008) The economics and psychology of personality traits. J Hum Resour 43:972–1059. https://doi.org/10.3368/JHR.43.4.972
Dalton PS, Ghosal S, Mani A (2016) Poverty and aspirations failure. Econ J 126:165–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12210
De Neve JE, Oswald AJ (2012) Estimating the influence of life satisfaction and positive affect on later income using sibling fixed effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:19953–19958. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211437109
Dercon S, Singh A (2013) From nutrition to aspirations and self-efficacy: gender bias over time among children in four countries. World Dev. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.12.001
Frederick SW, Loewenstein G (1999) Hedonic adaptation. In: Kahneman D, Diener E, Schwarz N (eds) Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psicology. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp 302–329
Genicot G, Ray D (2017) Aspirations and inequality. Econometrica 85:489–519. https://doi.org/10.3982/ecta13865
Goodman R (1997) The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 38:581–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
Gottfredson LS (2002) Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription, compromise, and self-creation. In: Brown D (ed) Career choice and development. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp 85–148
Graham C (2011) Adaptation amidst prosperity and adversity: insights from happiness studies from around the world. World Bank Res Obs 26:105–137. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkq004
Graham C, Eggers A, Sukhtankar S (2004) Does happiness pay? an exploration based on panel data from Russia. J Econ Behav Organ 55:319–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2003.09.002
Graham C, Pinto S (2019) Unequal hopes and lives in the USA: optimism, race, place, and premature mortality. J Popul Econ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-018-0687-y
Gustavson K, von Soest T, Karevold E (2012) Røysamb E (2012) Attrition and generalizability in longitudinal studies: findings from a 15-year population-based study and a Monte Carlo simulation study. BMC Public Heal 121(12):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-918
Haushofer J, Fehr E (2014) On the psychology of poverty. Science 344:862–867. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1232491
Heckman JJ, Kautz T (2012) Hard evidence on soft skills. Labour Econ 19:451–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2012.05.014
ILO (2012) International standard classification of occupations: ISCO-08.
Jensen R (2010) The (perceived) returns to education and the demand for schooling. Q J Econ. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2010.125.2.515
Kerpelman JL, Eryigit S, Stephens CJ (2008) African American adolescents’ future education orientation: associations with self-efficacy, ethnic identity, and perceived parental support. J Youth Adolesc 37:997–1008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9201-7
La Ferrara E, Chong A, Duryea S (2012) Soap operas and fertility: evidence from Brazil. Am Econ J Appl Econ 4:1–31. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.4.1
Levenson H (1974) Activism and powerful others: distinctions within the concept of internal-external control. J Pers Assess 38:377–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1974.10119988
Mahler A, Simmons C, Frick PJ, Steinberg L, Cauffman E (2017) Aspirations, expectations and delinquency: the moderating effect of impulse control. J Youth Adolesc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0661-0
Mann M (2004) Self-esteem in a broad-spectrum approach for mental health promotion. Health Educ Res 19:357–372. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg041
Mullainathan S, Shafir E (2013) Scarcity: why having too little means so much. Times Books/Henry Holt and Co.
O’Connor KJ, Graham CL (2019) Longer, more optimistic, lives: historic optimism and life expectancy in the United States. J. Econ. Behav. Organ., Vol. 168, 374–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.10.018
OECD (2016) PISA 2015 Results (Volume I): Excellence and equity in education. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264266490-en
Okamoto K, Ohsuka K, Shiraishi T, Hukazawa E, Wakasugi S, Furuta K (2002) Comparability of epidemiological information between self- and interviewer-administered questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 55:505–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00515-7
Pozuelo JR, Desborough L, Stein A, Cipriani A (2021) Systematic review and meta-analysis: depressive symptoms and risky behaviours among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.05.005
Ray D (2016) Aspirations and the development treadmill. J Hum Dev Capab 17:309–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2016.1211597
Ray D (2006) Aspirations, poverty, and economic change, understanding poverty. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195305191.003.0028
Ross PH (2019) Occupation aspirations, education investment, and cognitive outcomes: evidence from Indian adolescents. World Dev 123:104613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104613
Sawyer SM, Afifi RA, Bearinger LH, Blakemore SJ, Dick B, Ezeh AC, Patton GC (2012) Adolescence: a foundation for future health. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60072-5
Schmid KL, Phelps E, Lerner RM (2011) Constructing positive futures: modeling the relationship between adolescents’ hopeful future expectations and intentional self regulation in predicting positive youth development. J Adolesc 34:1127–1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.07.009
Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M (1995) Generalized self-efficacy scale, in: Weinman, J., Wright, S., Johnston, M. (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: a user’s portfolio. causal and control beliefs. Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON, pp. 35–37.
Sebastian C, Burnett S, Blakemore SJ (2008) Development of the self-concept during adolescence. Trends Cogn Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.07.008
Sipsma HL, Ickovics JR, Lin H, Kershaw TS (2013) The impact of future expectations on adolescent sexual risk behavior. J Youth Adolesc 44:170–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0082-7
Steinberg L (2004) Risk taking in adolescence: what changes, and why?, in: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York Academy of Sciences, pp. 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.005
Wooldridge JM (2010) Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. MIT Press
Yamada G (2006) Retornos a la Educación Superior en el Mercado Laboral: ¿Vale la Pena el Esfuerzo? Investig. Univ. del Pacífico, Cent
Fruttero A, Muller N, Calvo-Gonzalez O (2021) The Power and Roots of Aspirations : A Survey of the Empirical Evidence, Policy Research Working Paper Series 9729.
Graham C (2009) Happiness Around the World: The paradox of happy peasants and miserable millionaires, Happiness Around the World: The Paradox of Happy Peasants and Miserable Millionaires. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199549054.001.0001
Hofstede G (2001) Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations. SAGE Publications
Galor O, Özak Ö (2016) The Agricultural Origins of Time Preference. Am. Econ. Rev. 106, 3064–3103. https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.20150020
Figlio D, Giuliano P, Özek U, Sapienza P (2019) Long-Term Orientation and Educational Performance. Am. Econ. J. Econ. Policy 11, 272–309. https://doi.org/10.1257/POL.20180374