Liệu cây xâm lấn có lợi thế thủy lực so với cây bản địa?

Biological Invasions - Tập 8 - Trang 1331-1341 - 2006
R B Pratt1, R A Black2
1Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, USA
2School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA

Tóm tắt

Giả thuyết được kiểm tra rằng các cây xâm lấn có các đặc tính thủy lực góp phần vào bản chất xâm lấn của chúng. Năm cặp cây xâm lấn và cây bản địa cùng xuất hiện trong môi trường ẩm đã được chọn: (1) Tamarix ramosissima và Salix amygdaloides; (2) Robinia pseudoacacia và Alnus rhombifolia; (3) Schinus terebinthifolius và Myrica cerifera; (4) Ligustrum sinense và Acer negundo; và (5) Sapium sebiferum và Diospyros virginiana, tương ứng. Khả năng chống lại sự phá vỡ bọt khí (tiềm năng nước [Ψ x] ở mức mất 75% độ dẫn thủy lực [Ψ75]) không nhất quán lớn hơn ở các loài xâm lấn so với các loài bản địa (Ψ75=−1.91 và −1.67 MPa, tương ứng). Độ dẫn thủy tĩnh của mạch gỗ (K s), một thước đo hiệu quả của mạch gỗ, không khác nhau giữa các loài bản địa và xâm lấn (K s = 3.50 và 3.70 kg s−1 MPa−1 m−1, tương ứng). Sự thiếu khác biệt về khả năng chống lại sự phá vỡ bọt khí giữa các loài xâm lấn và bản địa cho thấy rằng các loài xâm lấn đã lấy mẫu không có khả năng chịu đựng căng thẳng nước tốt hơn so với các loài bản địa cùng xuất hiện. Rõ ràng là sự lan rộng và tính xâm lấn của các loài đã lấy mẫu không thể được giải thích chỉ bằng các đặc tính thủy lực.

Từ khóa

#cây xâm lấn #cây bản địa #đặc tính thủy lực #khả năng chống bão hòa #độ dẫn thủy tĩnh

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ackerly DD (2000). Taxon sampling, correlated evolution and independent contrasts. Evolution 54: 1480–1492 Alden HA (1995) Hardwoods of North America. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-83, US Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, 136 pp Alder NN, Pockman WT, Sperry JS and Nuismer S (1997). Use of centrifugal force in the study of xylem cavitation. Journal of Experimental Botany 308: 665–674 Baker HG (1974). Evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 1–24 Borchert R (1994). Soil and stem water storage determine phenology and distribution of tropical dry forest trees. Ecology 75: 1437–1449 Brodribb TJ and Feild TS (2000). Stem hydraulic supply is linked to leaf photosynthetic capacity: evidence from New Calcedonian and Tasmanian rainforests. Plant, Cell and Environment 23: 1381–1388 Callaway RM and Ridenour WM (2004). Novel weapons: invasive success and the evolution of increased competitive ability. Frontiers of Ecology and the Environment 8: 436–443 Daehler CC (2003). Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants: implications for conservation and restoration. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 34: 183–211 Davis MA, Grime JP and Thompson K (2000). Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invisibility. Journal of Ecology 88: 528–534 Davis SD, Ewers FW, Sperry JS, Portwood KA, Crocker MC and Adams GC (2002). Shoot dieback during prolonged drought in Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) chaparral of California: a possible case of hydraulic failure. American Journal of Botany 89: 820–828 Desch HE (1968). Timber: Its Structure and Properties. Macmillan, New York, 399 Elton CS (1958). The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 181 Enquist BJ, West GB, Charnov EL and Brown JH (1999). Allometric scaling of production and life history variation in vascular plants. Nature 401: 907–911 Goodwin BJ, McAllister AJ and Fahrig L (1998). Predicting invasiveness of plant species based on biological information. Conservation Biology 13: 422–426 Hacke UG and Sperry JS (2001). Functional and ecological xylem anatomy. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 4(2): 97–115 Hacke UG, Sperry JS, Pockman WT, Davis SD and McCulloh K (2001a). Trends in wood density and structure are linked to prevention of xylem implosion by negative pressure. Oecologia 126: 457–461 Hacke UG, Stiller VS, Sperry JS, Pittermann J and McCulloh KA (2001b). Cavitation fatigue: embolism and refilling cycles can weaken the cavitation resistance of xylem. Plant Physiology 125: 779–786 Hargrave KR, Kolb KJ, Ewers FW and Davis SD (1994). Conduit diameter and drought-induced embolism in Salvia melifera Greene (Labiatae). New Phytologist 126: 695–705 Jarbeau JA, Ewers FW and Davis SD (1995). The mechanism of water stress-induced embolism in two species of chaparral shrubs. Plant, Cell and Environment 18: 189–196 Lawton RO (1984). Ecological constraints on wood density in a tropical montane rain forest. American Journal of Botany 71: 261–267 Lucas PF, Turner IM, Dominy NJ and Yamashita N (2000). Mechanical defenses to herbivory. Annals of Botany 86: 913–920 Mack RN (1996). Predicting the identity and fate of plant invaders: emergent and emerging approaches. Biological Conservation 78: 107–121 Mack RN (2003). Phylogenetic constraint, absent life forms and preadapted alien plants: a prescription for biological invasions. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164(3 Suppl.): S185–S196 Mack RN, Simberloff D, Lonsdale MW, Evans H, Clout M and Bazzaz F (2000). Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences and control. Issues in Ecology 5: 1–20 Maherali H, Pockman WT and Jackson RB (2004). Adaptive variation in the vulnerability of woody plants to xylem cavitation. Ecology 85: 2184–2199 Pockman WT and Sperry JS (2000). Vulnerability to xylem cavitation and the distribution of Sonoran desert vegetation. American Journal of Botany 87: 1287–1299 Pratt RB, Ewers FW, Lawson MC, Jacobsen AL, Brediger MM, Davis SD (2005) Mechanisms for tolerating freeze-thaw stress of two evergreen chaparral species; Rhus ovata and Malosma laurina (Anacardiaceae). American Journal of Botany 92:1102–1113 Rejmánek M and Richardson D (1996). What attributes make some plant species more invasive?. Ecology 77: 1655–1661 Rejmánek M, Richardson D, Higgins DM, Pitcairn MJ and Grotkopp E (2005). Ecology of invasive plants: state of the art. In: Mooney, HA, Mack, RN, McNeely, JA, Neville, LE, Schei, PJ, and Waage, JK (eds) Invasive Alien Species: A New Synthesis, pp 104–161. Island Press, Washington, DC Salleo S, Hinckley TM, Kikuta SB, Lo Gulldo MA, Weilgony P and Yoon M-T (1992). A method for inducing xylem emboli in situ: experiments with a field-grown tree. Plant, Cell and Environment 15: 491–97 Shumway DL, Steiner KC and Kolb TE (1993). Variation in seedling hydraulic architecture as a function of species and environment. Tree Physiology 12: 41–54 Sparks JP and Black RA (1999). Regulation of water loss in populations of Populus trichocarpa: the role of stomatal control in preventing xylem cavitation. Tree Physiology 19: 453–459 Sperry JS, Donnelly JR and Tyree MT (1988). A method measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem. Plant, Cell and Environment 11: 35–40 Sperry JS and Hacke UG (2004). Analysis of circular bordered pit function I. Angiosperm vessels with homogenous pit membranes. American Journal of Botany 91: 369–385 Stiller V and Sperry JS (2001). Canny’s compensating pressure theory fails a test. American Journal of Botany 86: 1082–1086 Stratton L, Goldstein G and Meinzer FC (2000). Stem water storage capacity and efficiency of water transport: their functional significance in a Hawaiian dry forest. Plant, Cell and Environment 23: 99–106 Vander Willigen C and Pammenter NW (1998). Relationship between growth and xylem hydraulic characteristics of clones of Eucalyptus spp. at contrasting sites. Tree Physiology 18: 595–600 Wang T, Aitken SN and Kavanagh KL (2003). Selection for improved growth and wood quality in lodgepole pine: effects on phenology, hydraulic architecture and growth of seedlings. Trees 17: 269–277 Williamson MC and Fitter A (1996). The varying success of invaders. Ecology 77: 1661–1666 Wright IJ, Groom PK, Lamont BB, Poot P, Prior LD, Reich PB, Schulze E-D, Veneklaas EJ and Westoby M (2004). Leaf trait relationships in Australian plant species. Functional Plant Biology 31: 551–558 Yang S and Tyree MT (1992). A theoretical model of hydraulic conductivity recovery from embolism with comparison to experimental data on Acer saccharum. Plant, Cell and Environment 15: 633–643 Zwieniecki MA and Holbrook NM (1998). Diurnal variation in xylem hydraulic conductivity in white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 1173–1180