Diurnal variation of flow-mediated dilatation in healthy humans
Clinical Hypertension - 2015
Tóm tắt
The measurement of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) via ultrasound has been established as a reliable non-invasive measurement of endothelial function. However, the guidelines mention nothing regarding diurnal variation of FMD. Thus, we investigated the FMD in healthy people and diurnal variation of FMD. Twenty-five apparently healthy persons participated in this study. All participants had no history of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, or diabetes and used any medication. For each volunteer, the measurements were repeated in the morning and afternoon on two different days. We checked capillary blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. The average of FMD measurements was 8.45% ± 2.39%. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profiles, and glucose levels were similar between the morning and afternoon measurements after 9-h fasting. There was no significant difference of FMD measurements between the morning and afternoon (8.32% ± 2.27% and 8.58% ± 2.56%, p = 0.329). Moreover, there was significant correlation between FMD in the morning and afternoon (r = 0.856, p < 0.001). Our study shows measurement of FMD was 8.45% in healthy Koreans. Also, there was no significant difference of FMD measurements between the morning and afternoon.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction. A marker of atherosclerotic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Bio. 2003;23:168–75.
Rizzoni D. Endothelial function in hypertension: fact or fantasy? J Hypertens. 2002;20:1479–81.
Drexler H, Hayoz D, Münzel T, Horning B, Just H, Brunner HR, et al. Endothelial function in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:1596–601.
Shechter M, Shechter A, Koren-Morag N, Feinberg MS, Hiershc L. Usefulness of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation to predict long-term cardiovascular events in subjects without heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:162–7.
Wildansky ME, Gokce N, Keaney JF, Vita JA. The clinical implication of endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1149–60.
Lerman A, Zeiher AM. Endothelial function cardiac events. Circulation. 2005;111:363–8.
Uehata A, Lieberman EH, Gerhard MD, Anderson TJ, Ganz P, Polak JF, et al. Noninvasive assessment of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery. Vasc Med. 1997;2:87–92.
Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, Celermajer D, Charbonneau F, Creager MA, et al. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International brachial artery reactivity task force. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:257–65.
Granberry MC, Smith III ES, Troillett RD, Eidt JF. Forearm endothelial response in smokeless tobacco users compared with cigarette smokers and nonusers of tobacco. Pharmacotherapy. 2003;23:974–8.
Levine GN, Frei B, Koulouris SN, Gerhard MD, Keaney Jr JF, Vita JA. Ascorbic acid reversed endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1996;93:1107–13.
Vlachopoulos C, Tsekoura D, Tsiamis E, Panagiotakos D, Stefanadis C. Effect of alcohol on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Vasc Med. 2003;8:263–5.
Vogel RA, Corretti MC, Plotnick GD. Effect of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:350–4.
Etsuda H, Takase B, Uehata A, Kusano H, Hamabe A, Kuhara R, et al. Morning attenuation of endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation in healthy young men: possible connection to morning peak of cardiac events? Clin Cardiol. 1999;22:417–21.
Kollias GE, Stamatelopoulos KS, Papaioannou TG, Zakopoulos NA, Alevizaki M, Alexopoulos GP, et al. Diurnal variation of endothelial function and arterial stiffeness in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2009;23:597–604.
Ringqvist A, Caidahl K, Petersson AS, Wennmalm A. Diurnal variation of flow-medicated vasodilation in healthy premenopausal women. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000;279:H2720–5.
Hwang IC, Kim KH, Choi WS, Kim HJ, Im MS, Kim YJ, et al. Impact of acute exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation in young healthy people. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2012. doi:10.1186/1476-7120-10-39.
Park KR, Bae JH. Comparison of the endothelial function between healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease or risk factors of atherosclerosis. Kor Circ J. 2001;31:544–50.
Bae JH, Kim KB, Kim KS, Han SW, Kim YN, Park SY, et al. The effect of vitamin E on the endothelial function following a single high-fat meal in normal subject, patients with coronary heart disease and patients with diabetes. Kor Circ J. 1998;28:1538–51.
Donald AE, Halcox JP, Charakida M, Storry C, Wallace SM, Cole TJ, et al. Methodological approaches to optimize reproducibility and power in clinical studies of flow-mediated dilation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:1959–64.
Rubanyi GM, Romero JC, Vanhoutte PM. Flow-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Am J Physiol. 1986;250:H1145–9.
Pohl U, Holtz J, Busse R, Bassenge E. Crucial role of endothelium in the vasodilator response to increased flow in vivo. Hypertension. 1986;8:37–44.
Jordan J, Tank J, Stoffels M, Franke G, Christensen NJ, Luft FC, et al. Interaction between beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation and nitric oxide release on tissue perfusion and metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:2803–10.
Järvisalo MJ, Jartti L, Marniemi J, Rönnemaa T, Viikari JS, Lehtimäki T, et al. Determinants of short-term variation in arterial flow-mediated dilatation in healthy young men. Clin Sci. 2006;110:475–82.
Raitakari OT, Lai N, Griffiths K, McCredie R, Sullivan D, Celermajer DS. Enhanced peripheral vasodilation in humans after a fatty meal. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:417–22.