Distribution and association of agro-ecological factors influencing garlic rust (Puccinia allii) epidemics in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Tóm tắt
Garlic rust is the most destructive and production limiting disease in all garlic growing areas of Ethiopia. Thus, a field survey was conducted to assess the distribution, importance and association of agro-ecological factors with garlic rust epidemics in eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, during the 2018/19 cropping season. A survey of garlic rust was held in four major garlic producing districts in the main rainy and irrigation seasons. A total of 137 farms (78 farms in irrigation and 59 farms in main rainy season) were assessed in the study. The results confirmed 100% prevalence of garlic rust though incidence and severity varied among districts. High disease incidence varied from 87.50% at Lasta to 96.60% at Gidan district. Conversely, garlic planting at Meket reduced disease severity by 79.84, 77.85 and 73.98% compared with Gidan, Lalibella Zuria and Lasta district, respectively. The associations between disease parameters and agro-ecological factors were assessed using a logistic regression model. High disease incidence (> 80%) and severity (> 40%) had a high probability of association with districts Gidan, Lalibella Zuria and Lasta, irrigation season, maturity growth stage, medium altitude range, poor management practices, sole cropping and in some preceding crops in the reduced regression model. Moreover, high (> 80%) disease pressure was strongly associated with dense plant and weed populations in the model. Thus, the field survey has confirmed that garlic rust was highly distributed and was a major constraint in the study areas. This could imply the need for developing effective and feasible disease management options in the study areas and related agro-ecological environments.
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