Distinctions among reciprocal altruism, kin selection, and cooperation and a model for the initial evolution of beneficent behavior

Alexander, 1974, The evolution of social behavior, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 5, 325, 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001545 Alexander, 1978, Group selection, altruism, and the levels of organization of life, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 9, 449, 10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.002313 Axelrod, 1981, The evolution of cooperation, Science, 211, 1390, 10.1126/science.7466396 Barash, 1982 Brown, 1983, Cooperation—a biologist's dilemma, Advances in the Study of Behavior, 13, 1, 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60284-3 Brown, 1982, Evolution of social behavior by reciprocation, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 99, 319, 10.1016/0022-5193(82)90008-X Chase, 1980, Cooperative and noncooperative behavior in animals, American Naturalist, 115, 827, 10.1086/283603 Conner, 1986, Pseudo-reciprocity: Investing in mutualism, Animal Behavior, 34, 1562, 10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80225-1 Dawkins, 1976 Emlen, 1981, Altruism, kinship, and reciprocity in the white-fronted bee-eater, 217 Hamilton, 1964, The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I, II, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1, 10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4 Koenig, 1988, Reciprocal altruism in birds: A critical review, Ethology and Sociobiology, 9, 73, 10.1016/0162-3095(88)90014-3 Krebs, 1987 Ligon, 1983, Cooperation and reciprocity in avian social systems, American Naturalist, 121, 366, 10.1086/284066 Ligon, 1978, Communal breeding in the green woodhoopoe as a case for reciprocity, Nature, 176, 496, 10.1038/276496a0 Ligon, 1983, Reciprocity in the green woodhoopoe (Phoeniculus purpureus), Animal Behaviour, 31, 480, 10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80069-4 Lombardo, 1985, Mutual restraint in tree swallows: A test of the TIT FOR TAT model of reciprocity, Science, 227, 1363, 10.1126/science.227.4692.1363 Packer, 1977, Reciprocal altruism in Papio anubis, Nature, 265, 441, 10.1038/265441a0 Payne, 1977, The ecology of brood parasitism in birds, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 8, 1, 10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.000245 Peck, 1986, The evolution of helping behavior in large, randomly mixed populations, American Naturalist, 127, 209, 10.1086/284479 Pierotti, 1976, Sex roles, social structures, and the role of the environment in the western gull Pierotti, 1980, Spite and altruism in gulls, American Naturalist, 115, 290, 10.1086/283561 Pierotti, 1981, Male and female parental roles in the western gull under different environmental conditions, Auk, 98, 532 Pierotti, 1982, Spite, altruism, and semantics, American Naturalist, 119, 116, 10.1086/283895 Power, 1981, The question of altruism, Sociobiology, 6, 7 Rothstein, 1975, Evolutionary rates and host defenses against avian brood parasitism, American Naturalist, 109, 161, 10.1086/282984 Rothstein, 1980, Reciprocal altruism and kin selection are not clearly separable phenomena, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 87, 255, 10.1016/0022-5193(80)90359-8 Rothstein, 1982, Successes and failures in avian egg and nestling recognition with comments on the utility of optimality reasoning, American Zoologist, 22, 547, 10.1093/icb/22.3.547 Rothstein, 1983, Gene conflicts and the concepts of outlaw and sheriff alleles, Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 6, 367, 10.1016/S0140-1750(83)90156-2 Seyfarth, 1984, Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys, Nature, 308, 541, 10.1038/308541a0 Trivers, 1971, The evolution of reciprocal altruism, Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35, 10.1086/406755 Trivers, 1985 de Waal, 1982 de Waal, 1988, Mechanisms of social reciprocity in three primate species: Symmetrical relationship characteristics or cognition, Ethology and Sociobiology, 101, 10.1016/0162-3095(88)90016-7 Waltz, 1981, Reciprocal altruism and spite in gulls: A comment, American Naturalist, 118, 588, 10.1086/283854 1986 West Eberhard, 1975, The evolution of social behavior by kin selection, Quarterly Review of Biology, 50, 1, 10.1086/408298 Wasser, 1982, Reciprocity and the trade-off between associate quality and relatedness, American Naturalist, 119, 720, 10.1086/283945 Wilkinson, 1984, Reciprocal food sharing in the vampire bat, Nature, 308, 181, 10.1038/308181a0 Wilkinson, 1988, Reciprocal altruism in bats and other mammals, Ethology and Sociobiology, 85, 10.1016/0162-3095(88)90015-5 Williams, 1966 Wilson, 1979, Structured demes and trait-group variation, American Naturalist, 113, 606, 10.1086/283417 Wilson, 1980