Distinct impacts of two kinds of El Niño on precipitation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica in austral spring

Adusumilli, 2021, Atmospheric river precipitation contributed to rapid increases in surface height of the west Antarctic ice sheet in 2019, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, 10.1029/2020GL091076 Ashok, 2007, El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans., 112, C11007, 10.1029/2006JC003798 Bodart, 2019, The impact of the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño on the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 13862, 10.1029/2019GL084466 Bretherton, 1992, An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data, J. Clim., 5, 541, 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0541:AIOMFF>2.0.CO;2 Carrasco, 2020, Analyzing precipitation changes in the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula during the 1970–2019 period, Atmosphere, 11, 1270, 10.3390/atmos11121270 Clem, 2015, Austral spring Southern Hemisphere circulation and temperature changes and links to the SPCZ, J. Clim., 7371, 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0125.1 Clem, 2019, Role of the South Pacific convergence zone in West Antarctic decadal climate variability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 6900, 10.1029/2019GL082108 Ding, 2011, Winter warming in West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming, Nat. Geosci., 4, 398, 10.1038/ngeo1129 Ding, 2012, Influence of the tropics on the southern annular mode, J. Clim., 25, 6330, 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00523.1 Fogt, 2015, The relative influence of tropical sea surface temperatures and radiative forcing on the Amundsen Sea Low, J. Clim., 28, 8540, 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0091.1 Genthon, 2003, Intermittent signature of ENSO in west-Antarctic precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 Guo, 2004, Modeled antarctic precipitation. Part II: ENSO modulation over West Antarctica, J. Clim., 17, 448, 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0448:MAPPIE>2.0.CO;2 Hersbach, 2020, The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146, 1999, 10.1002/qj.3803 Hu, 2019, Atmospheric dynamics footprint on the January 2016 ice sheet melting in West Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 2829, 10.1029/2018GL081374 Karoly, 1989, Southern hemisphere circulation features associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation events, J. Clim., 2, 1239, 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1239:SHCFAW>2.0.CO;2 Krinner, 2007, Simulated Antarctic precipitation and surface mass balance at the end of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Clim. Dyn., 28, 215, 10.1007/s00382-006-0177-x Li, 2003, A theory for the Indian Ocean dipole-zonal mode, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2119, 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2119:ATFTIO>2.0.CO;2 Luo, 2010, Interaction between El Niño and extreme Indian Ocean Dipole, J. Clim., 23, 726, 10.1175/2009JCLI3104.1 Meehl, 2016, Antarctic sea-ice expansion between 2000 and 2014 driven by tropical Pacific decadal climate variability, Nat. Geosci., 9, 590, 10.1038/ngeo2751 Meyer, 2020, Successful ecosystem-based management of Antarctic krill should address uncertainties in krill recruitment, behaviour and ecological adaptation, Commun. Earth Environ., 1, 28, 10.1038/s43247-020-00026-1 Mo, 2001, The Pacific–South American modes and their downstream effects, Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1211, 10.1002/joc.685 Poli, 2016, ERA-20C: An atmospheric reanalysis of the twentieth century, J. Clim., 29, 4083, 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0556.1 Rayner, 2003, Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 108 Reichle, 2017, Land surface precipitation in MERRA-2, J. Clim., 30, 1643, 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0570.1 Ren, 2018, Identification standard for ENSO events and its application to climate monitoring and prediction in China, J. Meteorol. Res., 32, 923, 10.1007/s13351-018-8078-6 Rondanelli, 2019, Strongest MJO on record triggers extreme Atacama rainfall and warmth in Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 3482, 10.1029/2018GL081475 Sasgen, 2010, Satellite gravimetry observation of Antarctic snow accumulation related to ENSO, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 299, 352, 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.015 Schneider, 2012, Observed Antarctic interannual climate variability and tropical linkages, J. Clim., 25, 4048, 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00273.1 Song, 2011, The central Pacific as the export region of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation sea surface temperature anomaly to Antarctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 116 Yin, 2022, The combined impacts of ENSO and IOD on global seasonal droughts, Atmosphere, 13, 1673, 10.3390/atmos13101673 Yu, 2023, A change in the relation between the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole and the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole indices in the past four decades, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 345, 10.5194/acp-23-345-2023 Yu, 2007, Decadal changes of ENSO persistence barrier in SST and ocean heat content indices: 1958–2001, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 112 Yu, 2015, The early 1990s change in ENSO–PSA–SAM relationships and its impact on Southern Hemisphere climate, J. Clim., 28, 9393, 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0335.1 Zhang, 2021, Impacts of CP and EP El Niño Events on the Antarctic Sea Ice in Austral Spring, J. Clim., 34, 9327