Dissolved Organic Carbon Turnover in Permafrost-Influenced Watersheds of Interior Alaska: Molecular Insights and the Priming Effect

Abbott, 2014, Elevated dissolved organic carbon biodegradability from thawing and collapsing permafrost., Biogeosciences, 119, 2049, 10.1002/2014JG002678

2005, Impact of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment.

Attermeyer, 2014, Enhanced bacterial decomposition with increasing addition of autochthonous to allochthonous carbon without any effect on bacterial community composition., Biogeosciences, 11, 1479, 10.5194/bg-11-1479-2014

Battin, 2008, Biophysical controls on organic carbon fluxes in fluvial networks., Nat. Geosci., 1, 95, 10.1038/ngeo101

Belshe, 2013, Quantification of upland thermokarst features with high resolution remote sensing., Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 1, 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035016

Bengtsson, 2018, Interactive effects on organic matter processing from soils to the ocean: are priming effects relevant in aquatic ecosystems?, Hydrobiologia, 822, 1, 10.1007/s10750-018-3672-2

Bengtsson, 2014, No evidence of aquatic priming effects in hyporheic zone microcosms., Sci. Rep., 4, 10.1038/srep05187

Bianchi, 2011, The role of terrestrially derived organic carbon in the coastal ocean: a changing paradigm and the priming effect., PNAS, 108, 19473, 10.1073/pnas.1017982108

Bianchi, 2015, Positive priming of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter in a freshwater microcosm system., Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5460, 10.1002/2015GL064765

Bingeman, 1953, The effect of the addition of organic materials on the decomposition of an organic soil., Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 17, 34, 10.2136/sssaj1953.03615995001700010008x

Blagodatskaya, 2008, Mechanisms of real and apparent priming effects and their dependence on soil microbial biomass and community structure: critical review., Biol. Fertil. Soils, 45, 115, 10.1007/s00374-008-0334-y

Callaghan, 2004, Effects of changes in climate on landscape and regional processes, and feedbacks to the climate system., Ambio, 33, 459, 10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459

Catalán, 2015, Absence of a priming effect on dissolved organic carbon degradation in lake water., Limnol. Oceanogr., 60, 159, 10.1002/lno.10016

Chapin, 2010, Resilience of Alaska’ s boreal forest to climatic change., Can. J. Forest Res., 40, 1360, 10.1139/X10-074

Christensen, 2004, Thawing sub-arctic permafrost: effects on vegetation and methane emissions., Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 10.1029/2003GL018680

Corilo, 2015, PetroOrg Software.

D’Andrilli, 2015, An ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry index to estimate natural organic matter lability., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrometr., 29, 2385, 10.1002/rcm.7400

Danger, 2013, Benthic algae stimulate leaf litter decomposition in detritus-based headwater streams: a case of aquatic priming effect?, Ecology, 94, 1604, 10.1890/12-0606.1

del Giorgio, 1998, Bacterial growth efficiency in natural aquatic systems., Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29, 503, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.503

Dittmar, 2003, The biogeochemistry of the river and shelf ecosystem of the arctic ocean: a review., Mar. Chem., 83, 103, 10.1016/S0304-4203(03)00105-1

Dittmar, 2008, A simple and efficient method for the solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater., Limnol. Oceanogr., 6, 230, 10.4319/lom.2008.6.230

Drake, 2017, Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: a current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty., Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett., 3, 132, 10.1002/lol2.10055

Drake, 2015, Ancient low-molecular-weight organic acids fuel rapid carbon dioxide production upon thaw., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 112, 13946, 10.1073/pnas.1511705112

Fellman, 2014, Dissolved organic carbon biolability decreases along with its modernization in fluvial networks in an ancient landscape., Ecology, 95, 2622, 10.1890/13-1360.1

Franke, 2013, Mineralisation of dissolved organic matter by heterotrophic stream biofilm communities in a large boreal catchment., Freshwater Biol., 58, 2007, 10.1111/fwb.12187

Gu, 1995, Adsorption and desorption of different organic matter fractions on iron oxide., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 219, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.074

Guenet, 2010, Priming effect: bridging the gap between terrestrial and aquatic ecology., Ecology, 91, 2850, 10.1890/09-1968.1

Guenet, 2014, Fast mineralization of land-born C in inland waters: first experimental evidences of aquatic priming effect., Hydrobiologia, 721, 35, 10.1007/s10750-013-1635-1

Guenet, 2012, Evidence that stable C is as vulnerable to priming effect as is more labile C in soil., Soil Biol. Biochem., 52, 43, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.001

Harms, 2014, Thermo-erosion gullies increase nitrogen available for hydrologic export., Biogeochemistry, 117, 299, 10.1007/s10533-013-9862-0

Hemingway, 2017, Fourier Transform: Open-Source Tools for FT-ICR MS Data Analysis.

Hendrickson, 2015, 21 tesla fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer: a national resource for ultrahigh resolution mass analysis., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrometr., 26, 1626, 10.1007/s13361-015-1182-2

Hobbie, 2000, Controls over carbon storage and turnover in high-latitudes., Glob. Change Biol., 6, 196, 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.05.007

Hockaday, 2006, Direct molecular evidence for the degradation and mobility of black carbon in soils from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectral analysis of dissolved organic matter from a fire-impacted forest soil., Organ. Geochem., 37, 501, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.11.003

Hodgkins, 2016, Elemental composition and optical properties reveal changes in dissolved organic matter along a permafrost thaw chronosequence in a subarctic peatland., Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 187, 123, 10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.015

Holmes, 2012, Seasonal and annual fluxes of nutrients and organic matter from large rivers to the arctic ocean and surrounding seas., Estuaries Coasts, 35, 369, 10.1007/s12237-011-9386-6

Holmes, 2008, Lability of DOC transported by alaskan rivers to the arctic ocean., Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 10.1029/2007GL032837

Hotchkiss, 2014, Modeling priming effects on microbial consumption of dissolved organic carbon in rivers., J. Geophys. Res., 119, 982, 10.1002/2013JG002599

Hutchins, 2017, The optical, chemical, and molecular dissolved organic matter succession along a boreal soil-stream-river continuum., J. Geophys. Res., 122, 1, 10.1002/2017JG004094

2013, Climate Change 2013. Summary for policymakers.

Jaffé, 2013, Global charcoal mobilization from soils via dissolution and riverine transport to the oceans., Science, 340, 345, 10.1126/science.1231476

Jenkinson, 1985, Interactions between fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen—the so-called ‘priming’ effect., Soil Sci., 36, 425, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1985.tb00348.x

Jobbagy, 2000, The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation., Ecol. App., 10, 423, 10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010

Jonasson, 1999, Within-stand nutrient cycling in arctic and boreal wetlands., Ecology, 80, 2139, 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080

Jorgenson, 2013, Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes., Environ. Res. Lett., 8

Kalbitz, 2000, Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: a review., Soil Sci., 165, 277, 10.1097/00010694-200004000-00001

Kawahigashi, 2004, Dissolved organic matter in small streams along a gradient from discontinuous to continuous permafrost., Glob. Change Biol., 10, 1576, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00827.x

Kellerman, 2018, Unifying concepts linking dissolved organic matter composition to persistence in aquatic ecosystems., Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 2538, 10.1021/acs.est.7b05513

Kellerman, 2015, Persistence of dissolved organic matter in lakes related to its molecular characteristics., Nat. Geosci., 8, 454, 10.1038/ngeo2440

Keuper, 2012, A frozen feast: thawing permafrost increases plant-available nitrogen in subarctic peatlands., Glob. Change Biol., 18, 1998, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02663.x

Kim, 2006, Biodegradable dissolved organic matter in a temperate and a tropical stream determined from ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry., Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 1054, 10.4319/lo.2006.51.2.1054

Koch, 2006, From mass to structure: an aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matter., Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom., 20, 926, 10.1002/rcm.2386

Koch, 2016, Erratum: From mass to structure: an aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matter., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 30, 10.1002/rcm.7433

Koch, 2014, Molecular insights into the microbial formation of marine dissolved organic matter: recalcitrant or labile?, Biogeosciences, 11, 4173, 10.5194/bg-11-4173-2014

Koehler, 2012, Reactivity continuum of dissolved organic carbon decomposition in lake water., J. Geophys. Res., 117, 10.1029/2011JG001793

Kuzyakov, 2010, Priming effects: interactions between living and dead organic matter., Soil Biol. Biochem., 42, 1363, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.04.003

Lu, 2011, Areal changes of land ecosystems in the alaskan areal changes of land ecosystems in the alaskan yukon river basin from 1984 to 2008., Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034012

Mann, 2012, Controls on the composition and lability of dissolved organic matter in siberia’s kolyma river basin., J. Geophys. Res., 117, 1, 10.1029/2011JG001798

Mann, 2015, Utilization of ancient permafrost carbon in headwaters of arctic fluvial networks., Nat. Commun., 6, 1, 10.1038/ncomms8856

Mann, 2014, Evidence for key enzymatic controls on metabolism of arctic river organic matter., Glob. Change Biol., 20, 1089, 10.1111/gcb.12416

McClelland, 2007, Recent changes in nitrate and dissolved organic carbon export from the upper kuparuk river, north slope, alaska., J. Geophys. Res., 112, 1, 10.1029/2006JG000371

Moore, 2001, Some controls on the release of dissolved organic carbon by plant tissues and soils., Soil Sci., 166, 38, 10.1097/00010694-200101000-00007

Mostovaya, 2017, Emergence of the reactivity continuum of organic matter from kinetics of a multitude of individual molecular constituents., Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 11571, 10.1021/acs.est.7b02876

Nebbioso, 2013, Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM): a critical review., Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 109, 10.1007/s00216-012-6363-2

Neff, 2002, Vegetation and climate controls on potential CO2, DOC and DON production in northern latitude soils., Glob. Change Biol., 8, 872, 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00517.x

O’Donnell, 2016, DOM composition and transformation in boreal forest soils: the effects of temperature and organic-horizon decomposition state., J. Geophys. Res., 121, 2727, 10.1002/2016JG003431

O’Donnell, 2011, The effect of fire and permafrost interactions on soil carbon accumulation in an upland black spruce ecosystem of interior alaska: implications for post-thaw carbon loss., Glob. Change Biol., 17, 1461, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02358.x

Osterkamp, 2007, Characteristics of the recent warming of permafrost in alaska., J. Geophys. Res., 112, 10.1029/2006JF000578

Qualls, 1992, Biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in forest throughfall, soil solution, and stream water., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 56, 578, 10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600020038x

Raymond, 2007, Flux and age of dissolved organic carbon exported to the arctic ocean: a carbon isotopic study of the five largest arctic rivers., Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, 10.1029/2007GB002934

Schaefer, 2011, Amount and timing of permafrost carbon release in response to climate warming., Tellus Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol., 165, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00527.x

Schuur, 2008, Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change implications for the global carbon cycle., Bioscience, 58, 701, 10.1641/B580807

Schuur, 2007, Plant species composition and productivity following permafrost thaw and thermokarst in alaskan tundra., Ecosystems, 10, 280, 10.1007/s10021-007-9024-0

Schuur, 2009, The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra., Nature, 459, 556, 10.1038/nature08031

Settele, 2014, Terrestrial and inland water systems, Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 271

Sleighter, 2007, The application of electrospray ionization coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for the molecular characterization of natural organic matter., J. Mass Spectrometr., 42, 559, 10.1002/jms.1221

Smith, 2018, 21 Tesla FT-ICR mass spectrometer for ultrahigh-resolution analysis of complex organic mixtures., Anal. Chem., 90, 2041, 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04159

Smith, 2004, Bacterial metabolism and growth efficiency in lakes: the importance of phosphorus availability., Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 137, 10.4319/lo.2004.49.1.0137

Spencer, 2009, Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the arctic ocean: a case study of the yukon river. Alaska., Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, 10.1029/2008GL036831

Spencer, 2008, Seasonal and spatial variability in dissolved organic matter quantity and composition from the yukon river basin. alaska., Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, 1, 10.1029/2008GB003231

Spencer, 2015, Detecting the signature of permafrost thaw in arctic rivers., Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 2830, 10.1002/2015GL063498

Steen, 2016, Evidence for the priming effect in a planktonic estuarine microbial community., Front. Mar. Sci., 3, 1, 10.3389/fmars.2016.00006

Striegl, 2005, A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the yukon river during summer through autumn., Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 10.1029/2005GL024413

Stubbins, 2017, Low photolability of yedoma permafrost dissolved organic carbon., J. Geophys. Res., 122, 200, 10.1002/2016JG003688

Sun, 1997, Use of elemental composition to predict bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in a Georgia river., Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 714, 10.4319/lo.1997.42.4.0714

Tarnocai, 2009, Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region., Global, 23

Textor, 2018, An assessment of dissolved organic carbon biodegradability and priming in blackwater systems., J. Geophys. Res., 123, 2998, 10.1029/2018JG004470

Thurman, 1985, Isolation of Soil and Aquatic Humic Substances.

Trumbore, 1997, Accumulation and turnover of carbon in organic and mineral soils of the BOREAS northern study area., J. Geophys. Res., 102, 817, 10.1029/97JD02231

Vachon, 2017, Modeling allochthonous dissolved organic carbon mineralization under variable hydrologic regimes in boreal lakes., Ecosystems, 20, 781, 10.1007/s10021-016-0057-0

Vonk, 2013, Permafrost-carbon complexities., Nat. Geosci., 6, 675, 10.1038/ngeo1937

Vonk, 2015, Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in permafrost soils and aquatic systems: a meta-analysis., Biogeosciences, 12, 6915, 10.5194/bg-12-6915-2015

Walvoord, 2012, Influence of permafrost distribution on groundwater flow in the context of climate-driven permafrost thaw: example from yukon flats basin, alaska, united states., Water Res. Res., 48, 10.1029/2011WR011595

Ward, 2015, Chemical composition of dissolved organic matter draining permafrost soils., Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 167, 63, 10.1016/j.gca.2015.07.001

Ward, 2017, Where carbon goes when water flows: carbon cycling across the aquatic continuum., Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 10.3389/fmars.2017.00007

Ward, 2016, The reactivity of plant-derived organic matter and the potential importance of priming effects along the lower Amazon River., J. Geophys. Res., 121, 1522, 10.1002/2016JG003342

Wickland, 2012, Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in the yukon river and its tributaries: seasonality and importance of inorganic nitrogen., Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 26, 1, 10.1029/2012GB004342

Wickland, 2008, Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: environmental and chemical controls., Biogeochemistry, 87, 29, 10.1007/s10533-007-9166-3

Wickland, 2007, Dissolved organic carbon in alaskan boreal forest: sources, chemical characteristics, and biodegradability., Ecosystems, 10, 1323, 10.1007/s10021-007-9101-4

Wickland, 2018, Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen release from boreal holocene permafrost and seasonally frozen soils of Alaska., Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 10.1088/1748-9326/aac4ad

Wrona, 2006, Climate change effects on aquatic biota, ecosystem structure and function., AMBIO, 35, 359, 10.1579/0044-7447(2006)35

Zark, 2018, Universal molecular structures in natural dissolved organic matter., Nat. Commun., 9, 10.1038/s41467-018-05665-9

Zhang, 2017, Importance of lateral flux and its percolation depth on organic carbon export in arctic tundra soil: implications from a soil leaching experiment., J. Geophys. Res., 122, 796, 10.1002/2016JG003754

Zhang, 2013, Spatio-temporal features of permafrost thaw projected from long-term high-resolution modeling for a region in the hudson bay lowlands in canada., J. Geophys. Res., 118, 542, 10.1002/jgrf.20045

Zimov, 2006, Permafrost and the global carbon budget., Science, 312, 1612, 10.1126/science.1128908