Dissolution of Ag Nanoparticles in Agricultural Soils and Effects on Soil Exoenzyme Activities

Environments - MDPI - Tập 8 Số 3 - Trang 22
Nuno Cruz1, Márcia Farto2, Clarisse Mourinha2, Daniela Tavares3, Armando C. Duarte3, Tito Trindade4, Eduarda Pereira3, P.F.A.M. Römkens5, Paula Alvarenga6, Sónia M. Rodrigues1
1CESAM & Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
2Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Rua Pedro Soares S/N, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
3CESAM & Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
4CICECO & Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
5Sustainable Soil Use, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
6LEAF-Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

Tóm tắt

To assess environmental risks related to the mobility and toxicity of AgNPs, the chemical availability of AgNPs and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) in three agricultural soils was quantified in a pot experiment. Porewater collection and soil extractions with 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.4 M Glycine (pH 1.5) and 0.05 M NH4-EDTA were performed. The effect on soil exoenzyme activities was also assessed. Porewater concentration was low (<0.4% and <0.04% of dosed Ag, for AgNPs and PVP-AgNPs, respectively) and only detected in acidic soils (pH 4.4 and 4.9). The PVP-coating reduced the downward mobility of AgNPs in soil and possibly also their dissolution rate (and subsequent release of dissolved Ag+ ions into porewater). The effect of variation in organic matter on soil enzymatic activity was larger than that of AgNPs, as no significant additional inhibitory effect from Ag could be observed. Only at low pH and in the presence of complexing ligands that form very stable Ag complexes (0.4 M Glycine extraction at pH 1.5) up to 58% of the Ag added to soil was released (independently of PVP coating). An extraction with glycine is proposed as a useful indicator of potentially available Ag in soils.

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Environments - MDPI

Tập 8 Số 3

22

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