Disruption of neuronal CXCR4 function by opioids: Preliminary evidence of Ferritin Heavy Chain as a potential etiological agent in neuroAIDS

Antinori, 2007, Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, Neurology, 69, 1789, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b Arango, 2004, Does drug abuse influence the microglial response in AIDS and HIV encephalitis?, AIDS, 18, S69, 10.1097/00002030-200401001-00010 Bansal, 2006, Neurotoxicity of HIV-1 proteins gp120 and Tat in the rat striatum, Brain Res., 879, 42, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02725-6 Bell, 2006, Neurobiology of multiple insults: HIV-1-associated brain disorders in those who use illicit drugs, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 1, 182, 10.1007/s11481-006-9018-2 Boldajipour, 2008, Control of chemokine-guided cell migration by ligand sequestration, Cell, 132, 463, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.034 Brandimarti, 2004, Regulation of cell cycle proteins by chemokine receptors: a novel pathway in human immunodeficiency virus neuropathogenesis?, J. Neurovirol., 10, 108, 10.1080/753312761 Burbassi, 2008, GTPgammaS incorporation in the rat brain: a study on mu-opioid receptors and CXCR4, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 3, 26, 10.1007/s11481-007-9083-1 Burnashev, 1996, Calcium permeability of glutamate-gated channels in the central nervous system, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 6, 311, 10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80113-9 Cartier, 2005, Chemokine receptors in the central nervous system: role in brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 48, 16, 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.021 Cashman, 2002, Stromal-derived factor 1 inhibits the cycling of very primitive human hematopoietic cells in vitro and in NOD/SCID mice, Blood, 99, 792, 10.1182/blood.V99.3.792 Castedo, 2002, Sequential involvement of Cdk1, mTOR and p53 in apoptosis induced by the HIV-1 envelope, EMBO J., 21, 4070, 10.1093/emboj/cdf391 CDC, 2009, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Cheepsunthorn, 1998, Cellular distribution of ferritin subunits in postnatal rat brain, J. Comp. Neurol., 400, 73, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19981012)400:1<73::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-Q Clarke, 1992, Requirement for a functional Rb-1 gene in murine development, Nature, 359, 328, 10.1038/359328a0 Connor, 1990, Cellular distribution of transferrin, ferritin, and iron in normal and aged human brains, J. Neurosci. Res., 27, 595, 10.1002/jnr.490270421 Davies, 1998, HIV-associated brain pathology: a comparative international study, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 24, 118, 10.1046/j.1365-2990.1998.00096.x Deisenhammer, 1997, Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin in HIV infected patients with acute neurological episodes, Genitourin. Med., 73, 181 Donahoe, 1998, Opiates as potential cofactors in progression of HIV-1 infections to AIDS, J. Neuroimmunol., 83, 77, 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00224-5 Ellis, 2007, HIV and antiretroviral therapy in the brain: neuronal injury and repair, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 8, 33, 10.1038/nrn2040 Ernst, 2002, Abnormal brain activation on functional MRI in cognitively asymptomatic HIV patients, Neurology, 59, 1343, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000031811.45569.B0 Furukawa, 1998, Cell cycle regulation of hematopoietic stem cells, Hum. Cell, 11, 81 Ghafouri, 2006, HIV-1 associated dementia: symptoms and causes, Retrovirology, 3, 28, 10.1186/1742-4690-3-28 Gonzalez-Scarano, 2005, The neuropathogenesis of AIDS, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 5, 69, 10.1038/nri1527 Guyon, 2007, Multiple actions of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha on neuronal activity, J. Mol. Endocrinol., 38, 365, 10.1677/JME-06-0013 Harrison, 2010, Life expectancy after HIV diagnosis based on national HIV surveillance data from 25 states, United States, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 53, 124, 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181b563e7 Haughey, 1999, Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-regulated stores of intracellular calcium in calcium dysregulation and neuron cell death caused by HIV-1 protein tat, J. Neurochem., 73, 1363, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731363.x Hauser, 2005, Molecular targets of opiate drug abuse in neuroAIDS, Neurotox. Res., 8, 63, 10.1007/BF03033820 Hauser, 2006, Impact of opiate-HIV-1 interactions on neurotoxic signaling, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 1, 98, 10.1007/s11481-005-9000-4 Hu, 2005, Morphine potentiates HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis, J. Infect. Dis., 191, 886, 10.1086/427830 Jacks, 1992, Effects of an Rb mutation in the mouse, Nature, 359, 295, 10.1038/359295a0 Jones, 2007, HIV-1 Vpr causes neuronal apoptosis and in vivo neurodegeneration, J. Neurosci., 27, 3703, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5522-06.2007 Jordan-Sciutto, 2002, Cell cycle proteins exhibit altered expression patterns in lentiviral-associated encephalitis, J. Neurosci., 22, 2185, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-06-02185.2002 Khan, 2003, The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates cell-cycle proteins in neurons, J. Neurovirol., 9, 300, 10.1080/13550280390201010 Khan, 2004, Apoptotic and antiapoptotic effects of CXCR4: is it a matter of intrinsic efficacy? Implications for HIV neuropathogenesis, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 20, 1063, 10.1089/aid.2004.20.1063 Khan, 2005, Regulation of neuronal P53 activity by CXCR 4, Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 30, 58, 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.05.007 Khan, 2008, The chemokine CXCL12 promotes survival of postmitotic neurons by regulating Rb protein, Cell Death Differ., 15, 1663, 10.1038/cdd.2008.95 Khurdayan, 2004, Preferential vulnerability of astroglia and glial precursors to combined opioid and HIV-1 Tat exposure in vitro, Eur. J. Neurosci., 19, 3171, 10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03461.x Knovich, 2009, Ferritin for the clinician, Blood Rev., 23, 95, 10.1016/j.blre.2008.08.001 Kouzarides, 2007, Chromatin modifications and their function, Cell, 128, 693, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.005 Lataillade, 2002, Stromal cell-derived factor 1 regulates primitive hematopoiesis by suppressing apoptosis and by promoting G(0)/G(1) transition in CD34(+) cells: evidence for an autocrine/paracrine mechanism, Blood, 99, 1117, 10.1182/blood.V99.4.1117 Law, 2000, Molecular mechanisms and regulation of opioid receptor signaling, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 40, 389, 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.389 Lee, 1992, Mice deficient for Rb are nonviable and show defects in neurogenesis and haematopoiesis, Nature, 359, 288, 10.1038/359288a0 Levenson, 2008, Putting the “more” back in morphology: spectral imaging and image analysis in the service of pathology, Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 132, 748, 10.5858/2008-132-748-PTMBIM Li, 2008, Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system: a migration from immunology to neurobiology, Prog. Neurobiol., 84, 116, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.11.003 Li, 2006, Chemokine CXCL12 induces binding of ferritin heavy chain to the chemokine receptor CXCR4, alters CXCR4 signaling, and induces phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of ferritin heavy chain, J. Biol. Chem., 281, 37616, 10.1074/jbc.M607266200 Lipton, 1991, Synergistic effects of HIV coat protein and NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity, Neuron, 7, 111, 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90079-F Lu, 2002, Abnormal development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice lacking the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, Proc. Natl .Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 99, 7090, 10.1073/pnas.092013799 Mansfield, 2008, Visualization of microscopy-based spectral imaging data from multi-label tissue sections, Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol., 10.1002/0471142727.mb1419s84 Martinez, 1995, The neuropathology and epidemiology of AIDS. A Berlin experience. A review of 200 cases, Pathol. Res. Pract., 191, 427, 10.1016/S0344-0338(11)80730-2 McClellan, 2007, Specific in vivo roles for E2Fs in differentiation and development, Cell Cycle, 6, 2917, 10.4161/cc.6.23.4997 Meucci, 1996, gp120-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal pyramidal neuron cultures: protective action of TGF-beta1, J. Neurosci., 16, 4080, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04080.1996 Meucci, 1998, Chemokines regulate hippocampal neuronal signaling and gp120 neurotoxicity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 95, 14500, 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14500 Miller, 1999, AIDS and the brain: is there a chemokine connection?, Trends Neurosci., 22, 471, 10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01408-3 Miller, 2008, Chemokine action in the nervous system, J. Neurosci., 28, 11792, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3588-08.2008 Moore, 2004, The CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors — central to understanding the transmission and pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 20, 111, 10.1089/088922204322749567 Nicolai, J., Burbassi, S., Rubin, J., Meucci, O., 2010. CXCL12 regulates expression of the NMDA receptor's NR2B subunit through a Histone deacetylase-dependent pathway contributing to neuronal survival. Cell Death and Disease 1, e33. doi:10.1038/cddis.2010.10. Patel, 2006, Modulation of neuronal CXCR4 by the micro-opioid agonist DAMGO, J. Neurovirol., 12, 492, 10.1080/13550280601064798 Peterson, 1998, The opioid-cytokine connection, J. Neuroimmunol., 83, 63, 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00222-1 Pitcher, 2009, Role of ferritin heavy chain and opiates in neuroAIDS. The 9th Meeting of the International Society of Neurovirology, June 2–7, Miami, FL, 2009, J. Neurovirol., 15, 74 Qiu, 2008, A calcium-dependent switch in a CREST-BRG1 complex regulates activity-dependent gene expression, Neuron, 60, 775, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.040 Rajagopal, 2010, Beta-arrestin- but not G protein-mediated signaling by the “decoy” receptor CXCR7, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 107, 628, 10.1073/pnas.0912852107 Ransohoff, 2009, Chemokines and chemokine receptors: standing at the crossroads of immunobiology and neurobiology, Immunity, 31, 711, 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.09.010 Rom, 2009, HIV-1 Vpr deregulates calcium secretion in neural cells, Brain Res., 1275, 81, 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.024 Rostene, 2007, Chemokines: a new class of neuromodulator?, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 8, 895, 10.1038/nrn2255 Sabatier, 1991, Evidence for neurotoxic activity of tat from human immunodeficiency virus type 1, J. Virol., 65, 961, 10.1128/JVI.65.2.961-967.1991 Sattler, 2001, Molecular mechanisms of glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxic neuronal cell death, Mol. Neurobiol., 24, 107, 10.1385/MN:24:1-3:107 Sengupta, 2009, Morphine increases brain levels of ferritin heavy chain leading to inhibition of CXCR4-mediated survival signaling in neurons, J. Neurosci., 29, 2534, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5865-08.2009 Shimizu, 2007, Role of the transcription factor E2F1 in CXCR4-mediated neurotoxicity and HIV neuropathology, Neurobiol. Dis., 25, 17, 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.08.004 Sierro, 2007, Disrupted cardiac development but normal hematopoiesis in mice deficient in the second CXCL12/SDF-1 receptor, CXCR7, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 104, 14759, 10.1073/pnas.0702229104 Steele, 2002, Interactions between opioid and chemokine receptors: heterologous desensitization, Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 13, 209, 10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00007-2 Stumm, 2007, CXC chemokine receptor 4 regulates neuronal migration and axonal pathfinding in the developing nervous system: implications for neuronal regeneration in the adult brain, J. Mol. Endocrinol., 38, 377, 10.1677/JME-06-0032 Stumm, 2007, Patterns of SDF-1alpha and SDF-1gamma mRNAs, migration pathways, and phenotypes of CXCR4-expressing neurons in the developing rat telencephalon, J. Comp. Neurol., 502, 382, 10.1002/cne.21336 Szabo, 2002, Heterologous desensitization of opioid receptors by chemokines inhibits chemotaxis and enhances the perception of pain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 99, 10276, 10.1073/pnas.102327699 Tiveron, 2008, CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling in neuronal cell migration, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 18, 237, 10.1016/j.conb.2008.06.004 Torti, 2002, Regulation of ferritin genes and protein, Blood, 99, 3505, 10.1182/blood.V99.10.3505 Tran, 2003, Chemokine receptors: signposts to brain development and disease, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 4, 444, 10.1038/nrn1116 Valcour, 2004, Higher frequency of dementia in older HIV-1 individuals: the Hawaii Aging with HIV-1 Cohort, Neurology, 63, 822, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000134665.58343.8D Verde Mendez, 2003, Haematologic parameters in opiate addicts, Nutr. Hosp., 18, 358 Waldhoer, 2004, Opioid receptors, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 73, 953, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073940 Wei, 2002, Regulation of opioid receptor expression, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2, 69, 10.1016/S1471-4892(01)00123-0 Woerner, 2005, Widespread CXCR4 activation in astrocytomas revealed by phospho-CXCR4-specific antibodies, Cancer Res., 65, 11392, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0847 Zou, 1998, Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar development, Nature, 393, 595, 10.1038/31269