Disorders of cobalamin (Vitamin B12) metabolism: Emerging concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment
Tài liệu tham khảo
Green, 1995, Current concepts in the diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency, Neurology, 45, 1435, 10.1212/WNL.45.8.1435
Snow, 1999, Laboratory diagnosis of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. A guide for the primary care physician, Arch Intern Med, 159, 1289, 10.1001/archinte.159.12.1289
Baik, 1999, Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly, Annu Rev Nutr, 19, 357, 10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.357
Carmel, 2000, Current Concepts in Cobalamin Deficiency, Annu Rev Med, 51, 357, 10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.357
Carmel, 1996, Comparison of the deoxyuridine suppression test with serum levels of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine in mild cobalamin deficiency, Brit J Haematol, 93, 311, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.5241067.x
Choi, 2004, Vitamin B12 deficiency induces anomalies of base substitution and methylation in the DNA of rat colonic epithelium, J Nutr, 134, 750, 10.1093/jn/134.4.750
Herbert, 1987, Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin B12 in humans, Am J Clin Nutr, 45, 671, 10.1093/ajcn/45.4.671
Bailey, 2004, Folate and vitamin B12 recommended intakes and status in the United States, Nutr Rev, 62, S14, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00065.x
Fenech, 1997, Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and chromosome damage rate in lymphocytes of older men, Carcinogenesis, 18, 1329, 10.1093/carcin/18.7.1329
Fenech, 1998, Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults, Carcinogenesis, 19, 1163, 10.1093/carcin/19.7.1163
Kapiszewska, 2005, Uracil misincorporation into DNA of leukocytes of young women with positive folate balance depends on plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms. A pilot study, J Nutr Biochem, 16, 467, 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.018
Pfohl-Leszkowicz, 1991, Effect of cobalamin derivatives on in vitro enzymatic DNA methylation: methylcobalamin can act as a methyl donor, Biochem, 30, 8045, 10.1021/bi00246a024
Lorsch, 1994, In vitro selection of RNA aptmers specific for cyanocobalamin, Biochem, 33, 973, 10.1021/bi00170a016
Lott, 2001, Vitamin B12 and hepatitis C: molecular biology and human pathology, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 98, 4916, 10.1073/pnas.081072798
Takyar, 2002, Vitamin B12 stalls the 80 S ribosomal complex on the hepatitis C internal ribosome entry site, J Mol Biol, 319, 1, 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00300-5
Li, 2004, Differential effects on the hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosome entry site by vitamin B12 and the HCV core protein, J Virol, 78, 12075, 10.1128/JVI.78.21.12075-12081.2004
Gulati, 1999, Posttranscriptional regulation of mammalian methionine synthase by B12, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 259, 436, 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0696
Oltean, 2003, Nutritional modulation of gene expression and homocysteine utilization by vitamin B12, J Biol Chem, 278, 20778, 10.1074/jbc.M300845200
Oltean, 2005, A B12-responsive IRES element in human methionine synthase, J Biol Chem, 280, 32662, 10.1074/jbc.M501964200
Yamada, 2000, Extremely low activity of methionine synthase in vitamin B12-deficient rats may be related to effects on coenzyme stabilization rather than to changes in coenzyme function, J Nutr, 130, 1894, 10.1093/jn/130.8.1894
Solomon, 1978, Vitamin B6 metabolism in human red cells: I. Variations in human red cells, Enzyme, 23, 262, 10.1159/000458588
Solomon, 1979, Regulation of vitamin B6 metabolism in human red cells, Am J Clin Nutr, 32, 1824, 10.1093/ajcn/32.9.1824
Solomon, 1979, Vitamin B6 metabolism in idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia and related disorders, Brit J Haematol, 42, 239, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1979.tb01129.x
Brouwer, 1996, Nitric oxide interactions with cobalamins: biochemical and functional consequences, Blood, 88, 1857, 10.1182/blood.V88.5.1857.1857
Wolak, 2001, Kinetics and mechanism of the reversible binding of nitric oxide to reduced cobalamin B(12r)(Cob(II)alamin, J Am Chem Soc, 123, 9780, 10.1021/ja010530a
Sharma, 2003, Reactions of nitric oxide with vitamin B12 and its precursor, cobinamide, Biochem, 42, 8900, 10.1021/bi034469t
Weinberg, 2005, Cobalamins and cobinamides inhibit nitric oxide synthase enzymatic activity, Blood, 106, 627a, 10.1182/blood.V106.11.2225.2225
Stucker, 2004, Topical vitamin B12 – a new therapeutic approach in atopic dermatitis – evaluation of efficacy and tolerability in a randomized placebo-controlled multicentre trial, Brit J Dermatol, 150, 977, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05866.x
Weinberg, 1998, Cobalamin inhibition of HIV-1 integrase and integration of HIV-DNA into cellular DNA, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 246, 393, 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8629
Weinberg, 1995, Inhibition of productive human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection by cobalamins, Blood, 86, 1281, 10.1182/blood.V86.4.1281.bloodjournal8641281
Tang, 1997, Low serum vitamin B12 concentrations are associated with faster human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression, J Nutr, 127, 345, 10.1093/jn/127.2.345
Wickramasinghe, 1994, Bone marrow cells from vitamin B12- and folate-deficient patients misincorporate uracil into DNA, Blood, 83, 1656, 10.1182/blood.V83.6.1656.1656
Wickramasinghe SN. The wide spectrum of unresolved issues of megaloblastic anemia. 1999;36:3–18.
Ingram, 1997, Evaluation of DNA analysis for evidence of apoptosis in megalobalstic anemia, Brit J Haematol, 96, 576, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.d01-2075.x
Perry, 1990, Methylation of DNA in megaloblastic anaemia, J Clin Pathol, 43, 211, 10.1136/jcp.43.3.211
Healton, 1991, Neurologic aspects of cobalamin deficiency, Medicine, 70, 229, 10.1097/00005792-199107000-00001
Aaron, 2005, Clinical and laboratory features and response to treatment in patients presenting with vitamin B12 deficiency-related neurologic syndromes, Neurol India, 53, 55, 10.4103/0028-3886.15057
Lee, 2005, Intractable epilepsy as the presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency in the absence of macrocytic anemia, Epilepsia, 46, 1147, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.66204.x
Chatterjee, 1996, Leukoencephalopathy associated with cobalamin deficiency, Neruology, 46, 832, 10.1212/WNL.46.3.832
Ahn, 2004, Unusual neurological presentations of vitamin B12 deficiency, Europ J Neurol, 11, 339, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00778.x
Saperstein, 2003, Challenges in the identification of cobalamin-deficiency polyneuropathy, Arch Neurol, 60, 1296, 10.1001/archneur.60.9.1296
Beitzke, 2002, Autonomic dysfunction and hemodynamics in vitamin B12 deficiency, Autonomic Neurosci: Basic and Clinical, 97, 45, 10.1016/S1566-0702(01)00393-9
Al-Shubaili, 1998, Axonal and demyelinating neuropathy with reversible proximal conduction block, an unusual feature of vitamin B12 deficiency, Muscle Nerve, 21, 1341, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199810)21:10<1341::AID-MUS18>3.0.CO;2-4
Hemmer, 1998, Subacute combined degeneration: clinical, electrophysiological, and magnetic resonance imaging findings, J Neurol Neurosurg Psych, 65, 822, 10.1136/jnnp.65.6.822
Yu, 2000, Detection of occult cobalamin deficiency by magnetic resonance imaging, Am J Hematol, 65, 83, 10.1002/1096-8652(200009)65:1<83::AID-AJH16>3.0.CO;2-E
Lindenbaum, 1988, Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis, N Eng J Med, 318, 1720, 10.1056/NEJM198806303182604
Metz, 1992, Cobalamin deficiency and the pathogenesis of nervous system disease, Annu Rev Nutr, 12, 59, 10.1146/annurev.nu.12.070192.000423
Allen, 1993, Metabolic abnormalities in cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate deficiency, FASEB J, 7, 1344, 10.1096/fasebj.7.14.7901104
Carmel, 1988, Neurologic abnormalities in cobalamin deficiency are associated with higher cobalamin “analogue” values than are hematologic abnormalities, J Lab Clin Med, 111, 57
Green, 1980, No discrepancy between vitamin B12 radioassays using purified intrinsic factor and R-binder in bats developing cobalamin deficiency, Clin Res, 28, 74A
Kondo, 1981, Nitrous oxide has multiple deleterious effects on cobalamin metabolism and causes decreases in activities of both mammalian cobalamin-dependent enzymes in rats, J Clin Invest, 67, 1270, 10.1172/JCI110155
Van der Westhuyzen, 1982, Cobalamin (vitamin B12) analogs are absent in plasma of fruit bats exposed to nitrous oxide, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 171, 88, 10.3181/00379727-171-41482
Carmel, 2003, Cobalamin deficiency with and without neurologic abnormalities: differences in homocysteine and methionine metabolism, Blood, 101, 3302, 10.1182/blood-2002-09-2746
Carmel, 2003, Gene polymorphisms associated with diminished activity of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase do not explain the clinical manifestations of cobalamin deficiency, Brit J Haematol, 12, 907, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04151_1.x
Adachi, 2003, Polyamine concentrations in the brain of vitamin-B12 deficient rats, Exp Biol Med, 228, 1069, 10.1177/153537020322800913
Scalabrino, 2003, New basis for the neurotrophic action of vitamin B12, Clin Chem Lab Med, 41, 1435, 10.1515/CCLM.2003.220
Scalabrino, 2005, Cobalamin (vitamin B12) in subacute combined degeneration and beyond: traditional interpretations and novel theories, Exp Neurol, 192, 463, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.12.020
Peracchi, 2001, Human cobalamin deficiency: alterations in serum tumour necrosis factor-α and epidermal growth factor, Exp J Haematol, 67, 123, 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2001.t01-1-00507.x
Chanarin, 1988, Vegetarian diet and cobalamin deficiency: their association with tuberculosis, J Clin Pathol, 41, 759, 10.1136/jcp.41.7.759
Fata, 1996, Impaired antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide in elderly patients with low serum vitamin B12 levels, Ann Int Med, 124, 299, 10.7326/0003-4819-124-3-199602010-00003
Imamura, 1984, Lymphocyte subpopulations in pernicious anemia, N Eng J Med, 311, 56, 10.1056/NEJM198407053110117
Wodzinski, 1985, Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with hydroxocobalamin responsive megaloblastic anaemia, J Clin Pathol, 38, 582, 10.1136/jcp.38.5.582
Gogos, 1986, Lymphocyte subpopulations in megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency, Scand J Haematol, 37, 316
Kubota, 1987, Restoration of decreased suppressor cells by vitamin B12 therapy in patients with pernicious anemia, Am J Hematol, 24, 221, 10.1002/ajh.2830240214
Kubota, 1992, Restoration of abnormally high CD4/CD8 ratio and low natural killer activity by vitamin B12 in a patient with post-gastrectomy megaloblastic anemia, Int Med, 31, 125, 10.2169/internalmedicine.31.125
Tamura, 1999, Immunomodulation by vitamin B12: augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B12-deficient patients by methyl-B12 treatment, Clin Exp Immunol, 116, 28, 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00870.x
Dhonukshe-Rutten, 2003, Vitamin B12 status is associated with bone mineral content and bone mineral density in frail elderly women but not in men, J Nutr, 133, 801, 10.1093/jn/133.3.801
Tucker, 2005, Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with lower BMD: the Framingham osteoporosis study, J Bone Miner Res, 20, 152, 10.1359/jbmr.2005.20.1.152
Carmel, 1988, Cobalamin and osteoblast-specific proteins, N Eng J Med, 319, 70, 10.1056/NEJM198807143190202
Kim, 1996, Effects of vitamin B12 on cell proliferation and cellular alkaline phosphatase activity in human bone marrow stromal osteoprogenitor cells and UMR106 osteoblastic cells, Metabolism, 45, 1443, 10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90171-7
Sato, 2005, Effect of folate and mecobalamin on hip fractures in patients with stroke – a randomized control trial, JAMA, 239, 1082, 10.1001/jama.293.9.1082
Nanes, 2003, Tumor necrosis factor α: molecular and cellular mechanisms in skeletal pathology, Gene, 90, 1, 10.1016/S0378-1119(03)00841-2
Solomon, 2005, Cobalamin-responsive disorders in the ambulatory care setting: unreliability of cobalamin, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine testing, Blood, 105, 978, 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1641
Stabler, 1990, Clinical spectrum and diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency, Blood, 76, 871, 10.1182/blood.V76.5.871.871
Matchar, 1994, Performance of the serum cobalamin assay for diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency, Am J Med Sci, 308, 276, 10.1097/00000441-199411000-00004
Carmel, 2001, High serum cobalamin levels in the clinical setting – clinical associations and holo-transcobalamin changes, Clin Lab Haem, 23, 365, 10.1046/j.1365-2257.2001.00134.x
Ermens, 2003, Significance of elevated cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels in blood, Clin Biochem, 36, 585, 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.08.004
Faurschou, 2000, High prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia due to marginal deficiency of cobalamin or folate in chronic myeloproliferative disorders, Am J Hematol, 65, 136, 10.1002/1096-8652(200010)65:2<136::AID-AJH8>3.0.CO;2-6
Baker, 1998, Cobalamin (vitamin B12) and holotranscobalamin changes in plasma and liver tissue in alcoholics with liver disease, J Am Coll Nutr, 17, 235, 10.1080/07315724.1998.10718752
Lambert, 1997, Alcoholic cirrhosis and cobalamin metabolism, Digestion, 58, 64, 10.1159/000201425
Carmel, 2001, Plasma total transcobalamin I: Ethnic/Racial patterns and comparison with lactoferrin, Am J Clin Pathol, 116, 576, 10.1309/L6Q9-68E7-3284-6D1K
Carmel, 2003, Mild transcobalamin I (haptocorrin) deficiency and low serum cobalamin concentrations, Clin Chem, 49, 1367, 10.1373/49.8.1367
Koebnick, 2002, Longitudinal concentrations of vitamin B12 and vitamin B12-binding proteins during uncomplicated pregnancy, Clin Chem, 48, 928, 10.1093/clinchem/48.6.928
Pardo, 2000, Evaluation of low serum vitamin B12 in the nonanemic pregnant patient, Human Reproduction, 15, 224, 10.1093/humrep/15.1.224
Kalamegham, 1977, Functional significance of low serum vitamin B12 levels in pregnancy, Int J Vit Nutr Res, 47, 52
McMullin, 2001, Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid as indicators of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy, Clin Lab Haem, 23, 161, 10.1046/j.1365-2257.2001.00370.x
Monsen, 2001, Determinants of cobalamin staus in newborns, Pediatrics, 108, 624, 10.1542/peds.108.3.624
Metz, 1995, Biochemical indices of vitamin B12 nutrition in pregnant patients with subnormal serum vitamin B12 levels, Am J Hematol, 48, 251, 10.1002/ajh.2830480409
Adams, 1995, Elevated midtrimester serum methylmalonic acid levels as a risk factor for neural tube defects, Tetralogy, 51, 311
Gardyn, 2000, Oral contraceptives can cause falsely low vitamin B12 levels, Acta Haematologica, 104, 22, 10.1159/000041064
Shojania, 1982, Oral contraceptives: effects on folate and vitamin B12 metabolism, CMA J, 126, 244
Shojania, 1979, The effect of oral contraceptives on vitamin B12 metabolism, Am J Obst Gyn, 135, 129, 10.1016/S0002-9378(79)80030-7
Riedel, 2005, Effects of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy on markers of cobalamin status, Clin Chem, 51, 778, 10.1373/clinchem.2004.043828
Sutterlin, 2003, Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in women using modern oral contraceptives (OC) containing 20 μg ethinyl estradiol, Europ J Obstet Gyn Reproduc Biol, 107, 57, 10.1016/S0301-2115(02)00371-8
Carmel, 1996, Hormone replacement therapy and cobalamin status in elderly women, Am J Clin Nutr, 64, 856, 10.1093/ajcn/64.6.856
Hansen, 1977, Vitamin B12 metabolism in myelomatosis, Scand J Haematol, 18, 395, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb02093.x
Ermens, 1993, Increased uptake and accumulation of cobalamin by multiple myeloma bone marrow cells as a possible cause of low serum cobalamin, Europ J Haematol, 50, 57, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1993.tb00076.x
Remacha, 1999, Cobalamin deficiency in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, Semin Hematol, 36, 75
Hansen, 1992, Cobalamin binding in patients with HIV infection, Eur J Haematol, 48, 228, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1992.tb01590.x
Remacha, 2003, Vitamin B12 metabolism in HIV-infected patients in the age of highly active retroviral therapy: role of homocysteine in assessing vitamin B12 status, Am J Clin Nutr, 77, 420, 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.420
Kieburtz, 1991, Abnormal vitamin B12 metabolism in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Association with neurologic dysfunction, Arch Neurol, 48, 312, 10.1001/archneur.1991.00530150082023
Puri, 2005, Vitamin B12 deficiency: a clinical and electrophysiological profile, Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 273
Namour, 2001, Transcobalamin codon 259 polymorphism in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells in Caucasians: relation to transcobalamin and homocysteine concentration in blood, Blood, 97, 1092, 10.1182/blood.V97.4.1092
Miller, 2002, Transcobalamin II 755G>C polymorphism and indices of vitamin B12 status in healthy older adults, Blood, 100, 718, 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0209
Lievers, 2002, Polymorphisms in the transcobalamin gene: association with plasma homocysteine in healthy individuals and vascular disease patients, Clin Chem, 48, 1383, 10.1093/clinchem/48.9.1383
von Castel-Dunwoody, 2005, Transcobalamin 776G→C polymorphism negatively effects vitamin B12 metabolism, Am J Clin Nutr, 81, 1436, 10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1436
Gale, 2006, Steroid-responsive functional B12 deficiency in association with functional transcobalamin II polymorphism 766 C→G, Eur J Haematol, 76, 75, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00563.x
Wans, 2003, Analysis of the transcobalamin II 776G>C (259P>R) single nucleotide polymorphism by denaturing HPLC in healthy elderly: associations with cobalamin, homocysteine and holotranscobalamin II, Clin Chem Lab Med, 41, 1532, 10.1515/CCLM.2003.235
Teplitsky, 2003, Hereditary partial transcobalamin II deficiency with neurologic mental and hematologic abnormalities in children and adults, Isr Med Assn J, 5, 868
Zittoun, 1999, Modern clinical testing strategies in cobalamin and folate deficiency, Semin Hematol, 36, 35
Carmel, 2000, Failure of assay to identify low cobalamin concentrations (letter), Clin Chem, 46, 2017, 10.1093/clinchem/46.12.2017
Vlasveld, 2006, High measured cobalamin (vitamin B12) concentration attributable to an analytical problem in testing serum from a patient with pernicious anemia, Clin Chem, 52, 157, 10.1373/clinchem.2005.059055
Lindenbaum, 1990, Diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency: II. Relative sensitivities of serum cobalamin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations, Am J Hematol, 34, 99, 10.1002/ajh.2830340205
Stabler, 1990, Clinical spectrum and diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency, Blood, 76, 871, 10.1182/blood.V76.5.871.871
Savage, 1994, Sensitivity of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine determinations for diagnosing cobalamin and folate deficiencies, Am J Med, 96, 239, 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90149-X
Moelby, 1990, The relationship between clinically confirmed cobalamin deficiency and serum methylmalonic acid, J Intern Med, 228, 3733, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00248.x
Rasmussen, 1990, Methylmalonic acid concentrations in serum of normal subjects: Biologic variability and effect of oral L-isoleucine loads before and after intramuscular administration of cobalamin, Clin Chem, 36, 1295, 10.1093/clinchem/36.7.1295
Hvas, 2000, The marker of cobalamin deficiency, plasma methylmalonic acid correlates to plasma creatinine, J Intern Med, 247, 507, 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00632.x
Moelby, 2000, Relationship between methylmalonic acid and cobalamin in uremia, Kidney Intl, 57, 265, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00831.x
Refsum, 2004, Facts and recommendations about total homocysteine determinations: an expert opinion, Clin Chem, 50, 3, 10.1373/clinchem.2003.021634
Garg, 1997, Short-term and long-term variability of plasma homocysteine measurement, Clin Chem, 43, 141, 10.1093/clinchem/43.1.141
Thirup, 1999, Day-to-day, postprandial, and orthostatic variation of total plasma homocysteine, Clin Chem, 45, 1280, 10.1093/clinchem/45.8.1280
Santhosh-Kumar, 1997, Unpredictable intra-individual variations in serum homocysteine levels on folic acid supplementation, Europ J Clin Nutr, 51, 188, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600385
Herzlich, 1988, Depletion of holotranscobalamin II: an early sign of negative vitamin B12 balance, Lab Invest, 58, 332
Hvas, 2003, Holotranscobalamin as a predictor of vitamin B12 status, Clin Chem Lab Med, 41, 1489, 10.1515/CCLM.2003.228
Hvas, 2005, Holotranscobalamin – a first choice assay for diagnosing early vitamin B12 deficiency, J Int Med, 257, 289, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01437.x
Chen, 2005, Influence of cobalamin deficiency compared with that of cobalamin absorption on serum holo-transcobalamin II, Am J Clin Nutr, 81, 110, 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.110
Wickramasinghe, 1996, Limited value of serum holo-transcobalamin II measurements in the differential diagnosis of macrocytosis, J Clin Pathol, 49, 755, 10.1136/jcp.49.9.755
Molad, 1990, Serum cobalamin and transcobalamin levels in systemic lupus erythematosis, Am J Med, 88, 141, 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90463-N
Carmel, 1978, Extreme elevation of transcobalamin II levels in multiple myeloma and other disorders, Blood, 51, 1057, 10.1182/blood.V51.6.1057.1057
Carmel, 2003, Update on cobalamin, folate and homocysteine, Hematology, 62, 10.1182/asheducation-2003.1.62
Karnaze, 1990, Neurologic and evoked potential abnormalities in subtle cobalamin deficiency states including deficiency without anemia and with normal absorption of free cobalamin, Arch Neurol, 47, 1008, 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530090082017
Louwman, 2000, Signs of impaired cognitive function in adolescents with marginal cobalamin status, Am J Clin Nutr, 72, 762, 10.1093/ajcn/72.3.762
Carmel, 1995, The frequently low cobalamin levels in dementia usually signify treatable metabolic, neurologic and electrophysiologic abnormalities, Eur J Haematol, 54, 245, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1995.tb00679.x
Andres, 2005, Food-cobalamin malabsorption in elderly patients: clinical manifestations and treatment, Am J Clin Nutr, 118, 1154
Hvas, 2001, Increased plasma methylmalonic acid level does not predict clinical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency, Arch Int Med, 161, 1534, 10.1001/archinte.161.12.1534
Hvas, 2001, Vitamin B12 treatment normalizes metabolic markers but has limited clinical effect: A randomized placebo-controlled study, Clin Chem, 47, 1396, 10.1093/clinchem/47.8.1396
Hvas, 2003, Vitamin B12 treatment has limited effect on health-related quality of life among individuals with elevated plasma methylmalonic acid: a randomized placebo-controlled study, J Int Med, 253, 146, 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01067.x
Marie, 2000, Nitrous oxide anesthesia-associated myelopathy, Arch Neurol, 57, 380, 10.1001/archneur.57.3.380
Niyikza, 2002, Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid: markers to predict and avoid toxicity from pemetrexed therapy, Molec Cancer Therapeutics, 1, 545
Hazarika, 2004, FDA drug approval summaries: premetrexed (Alimta), Oncologist, 9, 482, 10.1634/theoncologist.9-5-482
Rasmussen, 1990, The clinical evaluation of cobalamin determination of methylmalonic acid in serum or urine is not invalidated by the presence of heterozygous methylmalonic academia, J Clin Chem Clin Biochem, 28, 419
Hvas, 2003, Health technology assessment in clinical biochemistry. Methylmalonic acid: a Danish showcase, Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 63, 319, 10.1080/00365510310002013
Ledley, 1984, Benign methylmalonic aciduria, New Engl J Med, 311, 1015, 10.1056/NEJM198410183111604
Birn, 2003, Diversity in rat tissue accumulation of vitamin B12 supports a distinct role for the kidney in vitamin B12 homeostasis, Nephrol Dial Transpl, 18, 1095, 10.1093/ndt/gfg089
Marcus, 1987, Low serum B12 levels in a hematologically normal elderly subpopulation, J Am Geriatr Soc, 35, 635, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb04339.x
van Asselt, 2003, Cobalamin-binding proteins in normal and cobalamin-deficient older subjects, Ann Clin Biochem, 40, 65, 10.1258/000456303321016187
Carmel, 1999, Serum cobalamin, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in a multiethnic elderly population: ethnic and sex differences in cobalamin and metabolite abnormalities, Am J Clin Nutr, 70, 904, 10.1093/ajcn/70.5.904
Clarke, 2003, Screening for vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in older patients, Am J Clin Nutr, 77, 1241, 10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1241
Campbell, 2003, Plasma vitamin B12 concentations in an elderly Latino population are predicted by serum gastrin concentrations and by crystalline vitamin B12 intake, J Nutr, 133, 2770, 10.1093/jn/133.9.2770
Morris, 2002, Elevated serum methylmalonic acid concentrations are common among elderly Americans, J Nutr, 132, 2799, 10.1093/jn/132.9.2799
Bates, 2003, Relationship between methylmalinic acid, homocysteine, vitamin B12 intake and status and socio-economic indices in a subset of participants in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and older, Europ J Clin Nutr, 57, 349, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601540
Wolters, 2003, B vitamin status and concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in elderly German women, Am J Clin Nutr, 78, 765, 10.1093/ajcn/78.4.765
Refsum, 2001, Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated methylmalonic acid indicate a high prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in Asian Indians, Am J Clin Nutr, 74, 233, 10.1093/ajcn/74.2.233
Wolters, 2004, Effect of multivitamin supplementation on homocysteine and methylmalonic acid blood concentrations in women over the age of 60, Eur J Nutr
Pennypacker, 1992, High prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in elderly outpatients, J Am Geriatr Soc, 40, 1197, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03641.x
Lindenbaum, 1994, Prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in the Framingham elderly population, Am J Clin Nutr, 60, 2, 10.1093/ajcn/60.1.2
Bjorkegren, 1999, Elevated serum levels of methlymalonic acid and homocysteine in elderly people: a population-based intervention study, J Int Med, 246, 317, 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00559.x
Lewerin, 2003, Reduction of plasma homocysteine and serum methylmalonate concentrations in apparently healthy elderly subjects after treatement with folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6: a randomized trial, Europ J Clin Nutr, 57, 1426, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601707
Holleland, 1999, Cobalamin deficiency in general practice. Assessment of the diagnostic utility and cost-benefit analysis of methylmalonic acid determination in relation to current diagnostic strategies, Clin Chem, 45, 189, 10.1093/clinchem/45.2.189
Joosten, 1993, Metabolic evidence that deficiences of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), folate and vitamin B6 occur commonly in elderly people, Am J Clin Nutr, 58, 468, 10.1093/ajcn/58.4.468
Naurath, 1995, Effects of vitamin B12, folate and vitamin B6 supplements in elderly people with normal serum vitamin concentrations, Lancet, 346, 85, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92113-3
Eussen, 2005, Oral cyanocobalamin supplementation in older people with vitamin B12 deficiency: a dose-finding trial, Arch Intern Med, 165, 1167, 10.1001/archinte.165.10.1167
Rajan, 2002, Response of elevated methylmalonic acid to three doses levels of oral cobalamin in older adults, J Am Geriatr Soc, 50, 1789, 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50506.x
Herrmann, 2003, Functional vitamin B12 deficiency and determination of holotranscobalamin in populations at risk, Clin Chem Lab Med, 41, 1478, 10.1515/CCLM.2003.227
Anwar, 2005, End-stage renal disease increases plasma transcobalamin and neutralizes influence of TCN 776C>G polymorphism, Kidney Intl, 2092
Kaplan, 2001, Parenteral vitamin B12 reduces hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease, Clin Invest Med, 24, 5
Mann, 2001, Oral vitamin B12 and high-dose folic acid in hemodialysis patients with hyper-homocysteinemia, Kidney Intl, 59, 1103, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00594.x
Elian, 2002, Hydroxocobalamin reduces hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease, Metabolism, 51, 881, 10.1053/meta.2002.32800
Hofer, 2004, Parenteral vitamin B12 therapy of hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease, Med Clin Exp, 27, 10
Nakhoul, 2004, Comparative study of response to treatment with supraphysiologic doses of B-vitamins in hyperhomocysteinemic hemodialysis patients, IMAJ, 6, 213
Hoffer, 2005, Cobalamin dose regimen for maximum homocysteine reduction in end-stage renal disease, Metabolism, 54, 835, 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.034
Obeid, 2005, Response of homocysteine, cystathionine and methylmalonic acid to vitamin treatment in dialysis patients, Clin Chem, 51, 196, 10.1373/clinchem.2004.041210
Obeid, 2005, Cellular uptake of vitamin B12 in patients with chronic renal failure, Nephron Clin Pract, 99, c42, 10.1159/000083132
Koyama, 1996, Efficacy of methylcobalamin in subclinical uraemic neuropathy as detected by measured vibration perception thresholds, Nephrology, 2, 25, 10.1111/j.1440-1797.1996.tb00062.x
Bhatt, 1983, Can faulty vitamin B12 (cobalamin) metabolism produce diabetic neuropathy?, Lancet, 2, 572, 10.1016/S0140-6736(83)90599-8
Bailey, 1989, Streptozotocin-induced diabetes is not a model for methylmalonic acidaemia, J Inherit Metab Dis, 12, 429, 10.1007/BF01802038
Yagihashi, 1982, In vivo effect of methylcobalamin on the peripheral nerve structure in streptozotocin diabetic rats, Horm Metabol Res, 14, 10, 10.1055/s-2007-1018908
Sonobe, 1988, Methylcobalamin improves nerve conduction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats without affecting sorbitol or myo-inositol contents of sciatic nerve, Homr Metab Res, 20, 717, 10.1055/s-2007-1010925
Solomon, 2005, Elevated methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (HCys) levels in patients with normal serum cobalamin (Cbl) values: diabetes mellitus (DM) and age as possible causes of Cbl resistance, Blood, 106, 635a, 10.1182/blood.V106.11.2254.2254
Smulders, 1999, Fasting and post-methionine homocysteine levels in NIDDM, Diabetes Care, 22, 125, 10.2337/diacare.22.1.125
Ambrosch, 2001, Relation between homocysteinemia and diabetic neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabet Med, 18, 185, 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00445.x
Beitzke, 2002, Autonomic dysfunction and hemodynamics in vitamin B12 deficiency, Autonomic Neurosci, 97, 45, 10.1016/S1566-0702(01)00393-9
Yoshioka, 1995, Effect of methylcobalamin on diabetic autonomic neuropathy as assessed by power spectral analysis of heart rate variation, Horm Metab Res, 27, 41, 10.1055/s-2007-979907
Utsunomiya, 1998, Effects of aldose reductase inhibitor and vitamin B12 on myocardial uptake of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Eur J Nucl Med, 25, 1643, 10.1007/s002590050343
Kuwabra, 1999, Intravenous methylcobalamin treatment for uremic and diabetic neuropathy in chronic hemodialysis patients, Intern Med, 38, 472, 10.2169/internalmedicine.38.472
Yaqub, 1992, Effects of methylcobalamin on diabetic neuropathy, Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 94, 105, 10.1016/0303-8467(92)90066-C
Ide, 1987, Clinical usefulness of intrathecal injection of methylcobalamin in patients with diabetic neuropathy, Clin Therapeutics, 9, 183
Stracke, 1996, A benfotiamine-vitamin B combination in treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy, Exp Clin Endcorinol Diabetes, 104, 311, 10.1055/s-0029-1211460
Stacke, 2001, Efficacy of benfotiamine versus thiamine on function and glycation productis of peripheral nerves in diabetic rats, Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 109, 330, 10.1055/s-2001-17399
Setola, 2004, Insulin resistance and endothelial function are improved after folate and vitamin B12 therapy in patients with metabolic syndrome: relationship between homocysteine levels and hyperinsulinemia, Exp J Endocrinol, 151, 483, 10.1530/eje.0.1510483
Watanabe, 1994, Ultra-high dose methylcobalamin promotes nerve regeneration in experimental acrylamide neuropathy, J Neurolog Sci, 122, 140, 10.1016/0022-510X(94)90290-9
Kikuchi, 1997, Protective effects of methylcobalamin, a vitamin B12 analog, against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in retinal cell culture, Invest Ophtalm Vis Sci, 38, 848
Kaji, 1998, Effect of ultrahigh-dose methylcobalamin on compound muscle action potentials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a double-blind controlled study, Muscle Nerve, 21, 1775, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199812)21:12<1775::AID-MUS22>3.0.CO;2-V
Sato, 2005, Amelioration by mecocobalamin of sublcinical carpal tunnel syndrome involving unaffected limbs in stroke patients, J Neurol Sci, 231, 13, 10.1016/j.jns.2004.12.005
Fowler, 1998, Genetic defects of folate and cobalamin metabolism, Eur J Pediatr, 15, S60, 10.1007/PL00014306
Ames, 2002, High dose vitamin therapy stimulates variant enzymes with decreased coenzyme binding affinity (increased Km): relevance to genetic disease and polymorphisms, Am J Clin Nutr, 75, 616, 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.616
McCaddon, 2002, Functional vitamin B12 deficiency and Alzheimer disease, Neurology, 58, 1395, 10.1212/WNL.58.9.1395
Miller, 2005, Vitamin B12 demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis, J Neurol Sci, 233, 93, 10.1016/j.jns.2005.03.009
Di Rocco, 2002, Abnormal cobalamin dependent transmethylation in AIDS-associated myelopathy, Neurology, 58, 2002
Kira, 1994, Vitamin B12 metabolism and massive-dose methyl vitamin B12 therapy in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis, Intern Med, 33, 82, 10.2169/internalmedicine.33.82
Wade, 2002, A randomized placebo controlled exploratory study of vitamin B12, lofeperamine and L-phenylalanine (the “Cari-Loser regime”) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, J Neurol Neurosurg Psych, 73, 246, 10.1136/jnnp.73.3.246
Mastonardi, 2004, Attenuation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and nonimmune demyelination by IFN-β plus vitamin B12: treatment to modify notch-1/sonic hedgehog balance, J Immunol, 172, 6418, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6418
Wang, 2001, Vitamin B12 and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer’s disease, Neurol, 56, 1188, 10.1212/WNL.56.9.1188
McCaddon, 2001, Analogues, ageing and aberrant assimilation of vitamin B12 in Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia Geriatr Cognitive Disorders, 12, 133, 10.1159/000051247
Zetterberg, 2003, The transcobalamin (TC) codon 259 genetic polymorphism influences holo-TC concentration in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer Disease, Clin Chem, 49, 1195, 10.1373/49.7.1195
Refsum, 2003, Low vitamin B12 status in confirmed Alzheimer’s disease as revealed by holotranscobalamin, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 74, 959, 10.1136/jnnp.74.7.959
McCaddon, 2004, Transcobalamin polymorphism and serum holo-transcobalamin in relation to Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia Geriatr Cognitive Disorders, 17, 215, 10.1159/000076359
Kanazawa, 1983, Noncobalamin vitamin B12 analogues in human red cells, liver and brain, Am J Clin Nutr, 37, 774, 10.1093/ajcn/37.5.774
Stabler, 1991, Inhibition of cobalamin-dependent enzymes by cobalamin analogues in rats, J Clin Invest, 87, 1422, 10.1172/JCI115148
Malouf, 2005, Vitamin B12 for cognition (review), Cochrane Library, 4, 1
Di Rocco, 2004, Treatment of AIDS-associated myelopathy with L-methionine: a placebo-controlled study, Neurol, 63, 1270, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000140469.18782.05
Olcay L, Irkkan C, Senbil N, Haci U, Basmaci M, Gurer YKY. Progressive vacuolar myelopathy and leukoencephalopathy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and transient improvement with vitamin B12. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; (in press).
Berliner, 1981, Uptake and metabolism of free cyanocobalamin by cultured human fibroblasts from controls and a patient with transcobalamin II deficiency, Metabolism: Clin Exper, 230, 10.1016/0026-0495(81)90146-3
Chalmers, 1965, Comparison of hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin in the treatment of pernicious anemia, Lancet, 2, 1305, 10.1016/S0140-6736(65)92336-6
Boddy, 1968, Retention of cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and coenzyme B12 after parenteral administration, Lancet, 2, 710, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)90752-6
Hall, 1984, The availability of therapeutic hydroxocobalamin to cells, Blood, 63, 335, 10.1182/blood.V63.2.335.335
Andersson, 1998, Biochemical and clinical response to hydroxocobalamin versus cyanocobalamin treatment in patients with methylmalonic academia and homocystinuria (cblC), J Pediatrics, 132, 121, 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70496-2
Bastrup-Madsen, 1974, Treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency: evaluation of therapy with cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and depot cobalamin Betolvex, Scand J Gastroenterol, 89
Tudhope, 1967, Patient variation in pernicious anaemia, as shown in a clinical trial of cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin-zinc tannate, Brit J Haematol, 13, 216, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1967.tb08734.x
Magnus, 1986, Cobalamin and unsaturated transcobalamin values in pernicious anaemia: relation to treatment, Scand J Haematol, 36, 457, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02281.x
Chalmers, 1958, Absorption of orally administered vitamin B12 in pernicious anaemia, Lancet, 2, 1298, 10.1016/S0140-6736(58)90574-9
Hemsted, 1958, Vitamin B12 in pernicious anaemia: intramuscular or oral?, Lancet, 2, 1302, 10.1016/S0140-6736(58)90575-0
Berlin, 1978, Vitamin B12 body stores during oral and parenteral treatment of pernicious anaemia, Acta Med Scand, 204, 81, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1978.tb08402.x
Vidal-Alaball, 2005, Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency (Review), The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, 1
Kuzminski, 1998, Effective treatment of cobalamin deficiency with oral cobalamin, Blood, 92, 1191, 10.1182/blood.V92.4.1191
Bolaman, 2003, Oral versus intramuscular cobalamin treatment in megaloblastic anemia: a single-center, prospective, randomized open-label study, Clin Therapeutics, 25, 3124, 10.1016/S0149-2918(03)90096-8
Andres, 2003, Efficacy of short-term oral cobalamin therapy for the treatment of cobalamin deficiencies related to food-cobalamin malabsorption: a study of 30 patients, Clin Lab Haem, 25, 161, 10.1046/j.1365-2257.2003.00515.x
Andres, 2001, Oral cobalamin therapy for the treatment of patients with food-cobalamin malabsorption, Am J Med, 111, 126, 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00792-6
Kondo, 1998, Haematological effects of oral cobalamin preparations on patients with megaloblastic anaemia, Acta Haematol, 99, 200, 10.1159/000040839
Solomon, 2004, Oral vitamin B12 therapy: a cautionary note, Blood, 103, 2863, 10.1182/blood-2003-12-4363
Green, 2005, Unreliability of current assays to detect cobalamin deficiency: “nothing gold can stay”, Blood, 105, 910, 10.1182/blood-2004-11-4293