Dimorphisme sexuel du crâne de sujets identifiés (collection Olivier, MNHN, Paris): évaluation par morphométrie géométrique
Tóm tắt
La diagnose sexuelle à partir du squelette se partage entre les méthodes visuelles, chargées d’une grande subjectivité et nécessitant un apprentissage, et les méthodes métriques (fonctions discriminantes) qui sont spécifiques aux populations à partir desquelles elles ont été élaborées. La principale limite de ces dernières méthodes en termes de reproductibilité est incarnée par le facteur taille, connu pour être variable d’une population à l’autre. Les récents développements de la morphométrie géométrique ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche. Cette étude évalue le degré de dimorphisme sexuel du crâne d’une série de 50 squelettes identifiés (25 hommes et 25 femmes issus de la collection Olivier,MNHN, Paris) par le biais de la morphométrie géométrique. Cette technique autorise une séparation de la taille globale et de la conformation des crânes. Les variations de taille et de conformation ainsi identifiées sont alors statistiquement étudiées et interprétées. Notre échantillon révèle un fort dimorphisme sexuel de taille et un dimorphisme sexuel de conformation plus subtil, notamment dans la région faciale de nos individus. Ces différences entre hommes et femmes se concentrent sur l’os zygomatique, le temporal et la cavité nasale; elles sont en partie imputables à des phénomènes allométriques et biomécaniques. Les perspectives de tels résultats sont discutées en termes de potentiels pour l’élaboration de méthodes de détermination du sexe à partir du crâne plus fiables.
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