Differentially dangerous? Phenotypic racial stereotypicality increases implicit bias among ingroup and outgroup members

Group Processes and Intergroup Relations - Tập 14 Số 4 - Trang 569-580 - 2011
Kimberly Barsamian Kahn1, Paul G. Davies2
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
2Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia

Tóm tắt

This article investigates whether within-group differences in perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality can exacerbate implicit racial stereotyping for Blacks among both ingroup and outgroup members. Two studies with non-Black (Study 1) and Black (Study 2) participants confirmed that high stereotypical (HS) Black targets (i.e., those with darker skin, broader noses and fuller lips) elicited stronger implicit bias in split-second “shoot/don’t shoot” situations than low stereotypical (LS) Black targets or White targets. Specifically, a lower shooting criterion was adopted for HS Black targets, indicating a greater willingness to shoot HS Black targets, resulting in more pronounced bias. Results suggest that the perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality of Black targets can increase the accessibility of stereotypes linking Blacks with danger, which intensifies racial bias. Further, the article provides the first empirical evidence that stereotypicality biases operate at implicit levels among Blacks when evaluating ingroup members. The implications for stereotypicality research and policing are discussed.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1006/jecp.1997.2413

10.1521/soco.2006.24.5.563

10.1002/ejsp.232

10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00739.x

10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.763

10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.5

Bodenhausen G. V., 1998, Advances in social cognition, 11, 1

10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1314

10.1002/ejsp.450

10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1006

10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02184.x

10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01716.x

10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.876

10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60317-2

Fiske S. T., 1991, Social cognition, 2

10.1016/j.jesp.2007.01.002

Green D. M., 1966, Signal detection theory and psychophysics

10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00020-9

10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00063-5

10.1177/0146167206286627

10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.5

MacMillan N. A., 1991, Detection theory: A user’s guide

10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_4

10.1002/ejsp.214

10.1177/0146167202282010

10.1177/0146167210362789

10.1080/10463280701489053

Obama B., 2006, The audacity of hope: Thoughts on reclaiming the American dream

10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.181

10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00454.x

10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00091.x

10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00800.x

10.1521/soco.20.3.198.21104

10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.815

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Group Processes and Intergroup Relations

Tập 14 Số 4

569-580

Thông tin tác giả