Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Phản ứng khác biệt của cây thạch nam và gà rừng đỏ đối với sự biến đổi không gian-thời gian lâu dài trong chăn thả cừu
Tóm tắt
Trong suốt thế kỷ qua, việc trồng rừng và việc gia tăng chăn thả cừu ở vùng cao tại Anh đã dẫn đến sự suy giảm rộng rãi của đầm lầy thạch nam - một hệ sinh thái cực kỳ quý hiếm trên toàn cầu. Chúng tôi đã định lượng sự thay đổi trong sự che phủ thạch nam trong 70 năm liên quan đến các thay đổi trong chăn thả cừu tại đầm Langholm, và xem xét tác động đến gà rừng đỏ, một loài chim thể thao sinh sống tại đầm lầy thạch nam. Giữa năm 1948 và 2009, khi bị chăn thả nặng nề bởi cừu, thực vật chiếm ưu thế thạch nam đã giảm từ 53% xuống còn 14% diện tích che phủ. Việc giảm số lượng cừu quy mô lớn từ năm 2011 đã cho phép tăng diện tích che phủ thạch nam trở lại 18% vào năm 2015. Tuy nhiên, sự thay đổi trong che phủ thạch nam chỉ có liên quan đến thay đổi về số lượng gà rừng khi che phủ thạch nam giảm xuống dưới các ngưỡng 27% (95% CL 18–36%; trước mùa sinh sản) và 17% (95% CL 13–20%; sau mùa sinh sản). Số lượng gà rừng bị săn giữa năm 1951 và 1992 vẫn cao khi 37–65% diện tích che phủ thạch nam được duy trì, nhưng sau đó đã giảm từ năm 1992 đến năm 1996 do sự gia tăng săn mồi từ các loài chim ăn thịt, dẫn đến việc ngừng săn bắn. Sau đó, mật độ gà rừng dao động liên quan đến việc quản lý định kỳ của các quản lý săn bắn (1992–1999 và 2008–2016), nhưng sự mất mát thạch nam tiếp tục kéo dài có thể cho đến năm 2011, và sự săn mồi trong bối cảnh này đã ngăn cản sự gia tăng bền vững đủ để hỗ trợ việc săn bắn 'dẫn đường'. Việc săn gà rừng cung cấp một động lực kinh tế để duy trì và phục hồi đầm lầy thạch nam. Tuy nhiên, tại đầm Langholm, việc trồng rừng trong phong cảnh xung quanh và sự cô lập với các đầm lầy thạch nam khác có thể đã dẫn đến một quần thể gà rừng kém khả năng chống chịu hơn trước áp lực săn mồi ngày càng tăng, đặc biệt là ngoài các thời kỳ được quản lý. Vì việc săn gà rừng không thể được khôi phục, nên việc quản lý tương lai của đầm lầy này vẫn không chắc chắn.
Từ khóa
#chăn thả cừu #thạch nam #gà rừng đỏ #đầm lầy #săn mồi #quản lý sinh thái #bền vữngTài liệu tham khảo
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