American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR (4th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatry Association.
Back, K. J., Lee, C. K., & Stinchfield, R. (2011). Gambling motivation and passion: A comparison study of recreational and pathological gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(3), 355–370.
Bernhard, B. J., Dickens, D. R., & Shapiro, P. D. (2007). Gambling alone? A study of solitary and social gambling in America. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 11(2), 1–13.
Bernhard, B. J., Futrell, R., & Harper, A. (2009). Gambling and globalization: Sociological perspectives on ‘the House’ and ‘the Players’. Sociology Compass, 3(4), 616–629.
Blue, L. (2010). Is exercise the best drug for depression? Time Inc. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1998021-2,00.html. Accessed on November 10, 2014.
Chantal, Y., Vallerand, R. J., & Vallieres, E. F. (1995). Motivation and gambling involvement. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(6), 755–763.
Cotte, J. (1997). Chances, trances, and lots of slots: Gambling motives and consumption experiences. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(4), 380–406.
Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Michaud, V. (2004). Comparisons between the South Oaks Gambling Screen and a DSM-IV-based interview in a community survey of problem gambling. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(4), 258–264.
Desai, R. A., Maciejewski, P. K., Dausey, D. J., Caldarone, B. J., & Potenza, M. N. (2004). Health correlates of recreational gambling in older adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(9), 1672–1679.
Dishman, R. K., & O’Connor, P. J. (2009). Lessons in exercise neurobiology: the case of endorphins. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 2(1), 4–9.
Driver, B. L., Brown, P. J., & Peterson, G. L. (1991). Benefits of leisure. In Preliminary drafts of the chapters in this volume were presented at a workshop of the authors in Snowbird, Utah, May 1991. PA: Venture publishing.
Esch, T., & Stefano, G. B. (2010). Endogenous reward mechanisms and their importance in stress reduction, exercise and the brain. Archives of Medical Science, 6(3), 447–455.
Fisher, S. (1993). The pull of the fruit machine: A sociological typology of young players. The Sociological Review, 41(3), 446–474.
Freitas-Swerts, F. C., & Robazzi, M. L. (2014). The effects of compensatory workplace exercises to reduce work-related stress and musculoskeletal pain. Revista Latino Americana Enfermagem, 22(4), 629–636.
Hair, J. F., Tatham, R. L., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hardoon, K., Derevensky, J. L., & Gupta, R. (2003). Empirical measures vs. perceived gambling severity among youth: Why adolescent problem gamblers fail to seek treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 28(5), 933–946.
Koob, G. F. (2014). Neurocircuitry of alcohol addiction: Synthesis from animal models. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 125, 33–54.
Korean Casino Association. (2014). Statistics of casino visitors and revenues. Seoul: Korean Casino Association.
Lakey, C. E., Goodie, A. S., Lance, C. E., Stinchfield, R., & Winters, K. C. (2007). Examining DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling: Psychometric properties and evidence from cognitive biases. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(4), 479–498.
Lee, C. K., Chung, N. H., & Bernhard, B. J. (2013). Examining the structural relationships among gambling motivation, passion, and consequences of Internet sports betting. Journal of Gambling Studies. doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9400-y.
Lee, C. K., Lee, B. K., Bernhard, B. J., & Lee, T. K. (2009). A comparative study of involvement and motivation among casino gamblers. Psychiatry Investigation, 6(3), 141–149.
Lee, C. K., Lee, Y. K., Bernhard, B. J., & Yoon, Y. S. (2006). Segmenting casino gamblers by motivation: A cluster analysis of Korean gamblers. Tourism Management, 27(5), 856–866.
Loroz, P. S. (2004). Golden-age gambling: Psychological benefits and self-concept dynamics in aging consumers’ consumption experiences. Psychology & Marketing, 21(5), 323–349.
Melancon, M. O., Lorrain, D., & Dionne, I. J. (2014). Changes in markers of brain serotonin activity in response to chronic exercise in senior men. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 39(11), 1250–1256.
Metheny, W. P., & Smith, R. P. (1989). The relationship among exercise, stress, and primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12(6), 569–586.
Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Cronce, J. M., & Larimer, M. E. (2002). Exploring college student gambling motivation. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(4), 361–370.
Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Platz, L., & Millar, M. (2001). Gambling in the context of other recreation activity: A quantitative comparison of casual and pathological student gamblers. Journal of Leisure Research, 33(4), 383–395.
Segni, M. D., Patrono, E., Patella, L., Puglisi-Allegra, S., & Ventura, R. (2014). Animal models of compulsive eating behavior. Nutrients, 6(10), 4591–4609.
Tarras, J., Singh, A., & Moufakkir, O. (2000). The profile and motivations of elderly women gamblers. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 5(1), 33–46.
Taylor, S. B., Anglin, J. M., Paode, P. R., Riggert, A. G., Olive, M. F., & Conrad, C. D. (2014). Chronic stress may facilitate the recruitment of habit- and addiction-related neurocircuitries through neuronal restructuring of the striatum. Neuroscience, 280C, 231–242.