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Các chiến lược khác nhau cho thông khí cơ học trong quá trình bắc cầu tuần hoàn (CPBVENT 2014): giao thức nghiên cứu cho một thử nghiệm đối chứng ngẫu nhiên
Tóm tắt
Hiện chưa có sự đồng thuận nào về các chiến lược bảo vệ phổi nào nên được sử dụng cho bệnh nhân phẫu thuật tim. Các thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên và động vật nhỏ và ít ỏi cho thấy việc duy trì thông khí cơ học trong quá trình bắc cầu tuần hoàn tim phổi là bảo vệ cho phổi. Đáng tiếc, bằng chứng này còn yếu bởi nó đến từ các chỉ số lâm sàng thay thế và nhỏ chủ yếu giới hạn ở phẫu thuật động mạch vành có kế hoạch. Theo dữ liệu hiện có trong tài liệu học thuật, không thể khuyến nghị một chiến lược bảo vệ phổi tiêu chuẩn hóa rõ ràng trong quá trình bắc cầu tuần hoàn. Mục đích của nghiên cứu CPBVENT là để điều tra hiệu quả của các chiến lược thông khí cơ học khác nhau trong quá trình bắc cầu tuần hoàn về chức năng phổi sau phẫu thuật và các biến chứng. Nghiên cứu CPBVENT là một thử nghiệm đối chứng ngẫu nhiên, mù một chiều, đa trung tâm. Chúng tôi sẽ tuyển chọn 870 bệnh nhân trải qua phẫu thuật tim có kế hoạch sử dụng bắc cầu tuần hoàn tim phổi. Bệnh nhân sẽ được phân ngẫu nhiên thành ba nhóm: (1) không thông khí cơ học trong quá trình bắc cầu tuần hoàn, (2) áp lực đường thở dương liên tục 5 cmH2O trong quá trình bắc cầu tuần hoàn, (3) tần số hô hấp 5 nhịp/phút với thể tích khí lưu thông 2–3 ml/Kg trọng lượng cơ thể lý tưởng và áp lực cuối kỳ thở ra dương 3–5 cmH2O trong quá trình bắc cầu tuần hoàn. Điểm cuối chính sẽ là tỷ lệ PaO2/FiO2 <200 cho đến thời điểm xuất viện khỏi đơn vị chăm sóc đặc biệt. Các điểm cuối thứ cấp sẽ là tỷ lệ biến chứng phổi sau phẫu thuật và tỷ lệ tử vong trong 30 ngày. Bệnh nhân sẽ được theo dõi trong 12 tháng sau ngày phân ngẫu nhiên. Thử nghiệm CPBVENT sẽ xác định liệu và cách mà các chiến lược thông khí khác nhau trong quá trình bắc cầu tuần hoàn ảnh hưởng đến các biến chứng và kết quả phẫu thuật của bệnh nhân trải qua phẫu thuật tim.
Từ khóa
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