Sự khác biệt của cộng đồng vi sinh vật trong nước giữa khu vực nguồn và thượng nguồn sông Dương Tử: cấu trúc vi sinh vật, mẫu đồng xuất hiện và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng môi trường

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology - Tập 55 Số 1 - Trang 571-586 - 2024
Zhang, Qianqian1, Zhao, Juan2,3, Wang, Guojie2,3, Guan, Hongtao2,3, Wang, Shuyi1, Yang, Jicheng1, Zhang, Jinyong4, Jian, Shenglong2,3, Ouyang, Lijian5, Wu, Zhenbing1,6, Li, Aihua1
1State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
2Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining, China
3Key Laboratory of Plateau Aquatic and Ecological Environmental in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
4The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
5Ecological Engineering College, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, China
6School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

Tóm tắt

Khu vực nguồn của sông Dương Tử nằm ở vùng sâu của Cao nguyên Thanh Hải - Tây Tạng, được biết đến như "cực thứ ba của trái đất". Đây là khu vực bảo tồn nước và là rào cản tự nhiên của hệ sinh thái lưu vực sông Dương Tử. Nó cũng là vùng nhạy cảm nhất của hệ sinh thái tự nhiên, và môi trường sinh thái rất dễ bị tổn thương. Các vi sinh vật đóng vai trò then chốt trong các quá trình sinh học và địa hóa của nước. Trong bài báo này, các cộng đồng vi khuẩn phù du ở khu vực nguồn và thượng nguồn của sông Dương Tử đã được nghiên cứu dựa trên phương pháp giải trình tự 16S rRNA công suất cao, và các yếu tố môi trường tác động đến chúng đã được phân tích thêm. Kết quả cho thấy khu vực thượng nguồn có độ phong phú và đa dạng cao hơn khu vực nguồn. Các phylum vi khuẩn chính ở khu vực nguồn và thượng nguồn là Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, và Actinobacteriota. Các phylum vi khuẩn liên quan đến ô nhiễm đô thị và mầm bệnh cơ hội, chẳng hạn như Firmicutes và Actinobacteriota, phổ biến hơn ở khu vực thượng nguồn. Ngược lại, các chi vi khuẩn phù du nổi bật liên quan đến ô nhiễm khai thác, chẳng hạn như Acidiphilium và Acidithiobacillus, lại dồi dào hơn ở khu vực nguồn. Mạng lưới đồng xuất hiện cho thấy rằng tương tác của cộng đồng vi khuẩn phù du diễn ra thường xuyên hơn ở khu vực thượng nguồn. Thành phần cộng đồng vi khuẩn phù du, độ phong phú và các đặc điểm chức năng bị ảnh hưởng bởi tính không đồng nhất không gian. Hơn nữa, phân tích phân vùng biến động đã xác nhận rằng lượng biến động ở khu vực nguồn được giải thích độc lập bởi các biến số độ cao là lớn nhất, tiếp theo là dinh dưỡng nước. Bài báo này đã tiết lộ sự phân bố không gian của các cộng đồng vi khuẩn phù du ở khu vực nguồn và thượng nguồn của sông Dương Tử và mối tương quan của chúng với các yếu tố môi trường, cung cấp thông tin hỗ trợ cho việc đảm bảo sức khỏe và an toàn của các hệ sinh thái thủy sinh trong lưu vực sông Dương Tử.

Từ khóa

#sông Dương Tử #vi khuẩn phù du #cấu trúc vi sinh vật #ô nhiễm môi trường #hệ sinh thái thủy sinh

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