Differences between patients with isolated GH deficiency based on findings in brain magnetic resonance imaging

Chinoy, 2016, Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in the paediatric and transitional age, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 30, 737, 10.1016/j.beem.2016.11.002 Kessler, 2016, Pituitary volume in children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature and controls, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 29, 1195, 10.1515/jpem-2015-0404 Guzzetti, 2016, Cut-off limits of the peak GH response to stimulation tests for the diagnosis of GH deficiency in children and adolescents: study in patients with organic GHD, Eur J Endocrinol, 175, 41, 10.1530/EJE-16-0105 Poyrazoğlu, 2015, Current practice in diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency in childhood: a survey from Turkey, J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol, 7, 37, 10.4274/jcrpe.1794 Murray, 2016, Controversies in the diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and adolescence, Arch Dis Child, 101, 96, 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307228 Deal, 2013, Associations between pituitary imaging abnormalities and clinical and biochemical phenotypes in children with congenital growth hormone deficiency: data from an international observational study, Horm Res Paediatr, 79, 283, 10.1159/000350829 Pampanini, 2015, Brain magnetic resonance imaging as first-line investigation for growth hormone deficiency diagnosis in early childhood, Horm Res Paediatr, 84, 323, 10.1159/000439590 Kochi, 2016, High frequency of normal response during GH stimulation tests in patients with ectopic posterior pituitary gland: a source of false-negative diagnosis of pituitary insufficiency, Horm Res Paediatr, 85, 119, 10.1159/000442830 Deeb, 2015, Pituitary gland size is a useful marker in diagnosing isolated growth hormone deficiency in short children, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 28, 981, 10.1515/jpem-2014-0209 Grimberg, 2016, Clinical practice committee publication guidelines for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I treatment in children and adolescents: growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency, Horm Res Paediatr, 86, 361, 10.1159/000452150 Wang, 2015, Relationship between pituitary stalk (PS) visibility and the severity of hormone deficiencies: PS interruption syndrome revisited, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 83, 369, 10.1111/cen.12788 Ranke, 2010, Height at start, first-year growth response and cause of shortness at birth are major determinants of adult height outcomes of short children born small for gestational age and Silver-Russell syndrome treated with growth hormone: analysis of data from KIG, Horm Res Paediatr, 74, 259, 10.1159/000289570 Bressani, 1990, Evidence of morphological and functional abnormalities in the hypothalamus of growth-hormone-deficient children: a combined magnetic resonance imaging and endocrine study, Horm Res, 34, 189, 10.1159/000181823 Jagtap, 2012, Ectopic posterior pituitary and stalk abnormality predicts severity and coexisting hormone deficiencies in patients with congenital growth hormone deficiency, Pituitary, 15, 243, 10.1007/s11102-011-0321-4 LRohayem, 2016, Long-term outcomes, genetics, and pituitary morphology in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies: a single-centre experience of four decades of growth hormone replacement, Horm Res Paediatr, 86, 106, 10.1159/000448098 Han, 2014, Three-dimensional magnetic resonance volumetry of the pituitary gland is effective in detecting short stature in children, Exp Ther Med, 8, 551, 10.3892/etm.2014.1778 Arslanoğlu, 2001, Diagnostic value of pituitary MRI in differentiation of children with normal growth hormone secretion, isolated growth hormone deficiency and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 14, 517, 10.1515/JPEM.2001.14.5.517 Tillmann, 1997, Biochemical tests in the diagnosis of childhood growth hormone deficiency, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 531 Maghnie, 2013, Magnetic resonance imaging of CNS in 15,043 children with GH deficiency in KIGS, Eur J Endocrinol, 168, 211, 10.1530/EJE-12-0801 Gordon, 2016, Trends in growth hormone stimulating testing and growth hormone dosing in adult growth hormone deficiency patients: results from the ANSWER program, Endocr Pract, 22, 396, 10.4158/EP14603.OR Secco, 2009, Reassessment of the growth hormone status in young adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency: reappraisal of insulin tolerance testing, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94, 4195, 10.1210/jc.2009-0602 Sánchez González, 2011, Estudios españoles de crecimiento: situación actual, utilidad y recomendaciones de uso, An Pediatr, 74 Hartwigsen, 2010, Incidental findings are frequent in young healthy individuals undergoing magnetic resonance imaging in brain research imaging studies: a prospective single-center study, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 34, 596, 10.1097/RCT.0b013e3181d9c2bb Weber, 2005, Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men, J Neurol Sci, 240, 81, 10.1016/j.jns.2005.09.008 Eskandary, 2005, Incidental findings in brain computed tomography scans of 3000 head trauma patients, Surg Neurol, 63, 550, 10.1016/j.surneu.2004.07.049 Deeb, 2015, Pituitary gland size is a useful marker in diagnosing isolated growth hormone deficiency in short children, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 28, 981, 10.1515/jpem-2014-0209 Naderi, 2015, Effect of growth hormone deficiency on brain MRI findings among children with growth restrictions, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 28, 117, 10.1515/jpem-2013-0294 Coutant, 2001, Growth and adult height in GH-treated children with nonacquired GH deficiency and idiopathic short stature: the influence of pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, 4649, 10.1210/jcem.86.10.7962 Khadilkar, 2015, Response of Indian growth hormone deficient children to growth hormone therapy: association with pituitary size, Indian J Pediatr, 82, 404, 10.1007/s12098-014-1412-9 Smuel, 2015, Growth, development, puberty and adult height before and during treatment in children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency, Growth Horm IGF Res, 25, 182, 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.05.001 Simon, 2008, Optimal use of growth hormone therapy for maximizing adult height in children born small for gestational age, Best Pr Res Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet], 22, 525, 10.1016/j.beem.2008.03.003 Kaplowitz, 2013, Characteristics of children with the best and poorest first- and second-year growth during rhGH therapy: data from 25 years of the Genentech national cooperative growth study (NCGS), Int J Pediatr Endocrinol, 2013, 9, 10.1186/1687-9856-2013-9