Dietary complementation by wild birds: Considerations for field studies

Alatalo R V, Eriksson D, Gustafsson L and Larsson 1987 Exploitation competition influences the use of foraging sites by tits: experimental evidence;Ecology 68 284–290 Alatalo R V and Moreno J 1987 Body size, interspecific interactions, and use of foraging sites in Tits (Pariclae);Ecology 68 1773–1777 Ankney A. D and Scott D M 1980 Changes in nutrient reserves and diet of breeding Brown-headed Cowbirds;Auk 97 684–696 Ashley D V M 1985 Factors affecting the selection of protein and carbohydrate from a dietary choice;Nuir. Res. 5 555–571 Baird J W 1980 The Selection and use of fruit by birds in an Eastern forest;Wilson Bull. 92 63–73 Bairicin F 1986 Ein standardisiertes Futter für Ernahrungsuntersuchungen an omnivoren Kleinvögeln;J. Qrnithol,127 338–340 Bairlein F 1990 Nutrition and food selection in migratory birds; inBird migration (ed.) E Gwinner (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) pp 198–213 Baker B J, Booth D A, Duggan J P and Gibson E L 1987 Protein appetite demonstrated: Learned specificity of protein-cue preference to protein need in adult rats;Nutr. Res. 7 481–487 Benkman A. W 1988 Seed handling ability, bill structure, and the cost of specialization for crossbills;Auk 105 715–719 Blake A G, Mather F B Gleaves E W 1984 Dietary self-selection of laying hens inadequate to overcome the effects of high environmental temperature;Poult. Sci. 63 1346–1349 Blundell.J E 1983 Problems and processes underlaying the control of food selection and nutrient intake;Nutr. Brain 6 163–221 Booth D A 1985 Food-conditioned eating preferences and aversions with interoceptive elements: Conditioned appetites and satieties;Ann. N. Y.Acad. Ski. 443 22–41 Booth D A and Simson P C 1971 Food preferences acquired by association with variations in amino acid nutrition;Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 23 135–145 Bressani R 1977 Protein supplementation and complementation; inEvaluation of proteins for humans (ed.) D E Bodwell (Westport, CN: AVI Publ. Co) pp 204–232 Bryant J P and Kuropat P J 1980 Selection of winter forage by subarctic browsing vertebrates: The role of plant chemistry;Annu. Rev. Ecal. Syst. 11 261–285 Buchsbaum R and Valiela 1 1987 Variability in the chemistry of estuarine plants and its effect of feeding by Canada geese;Oecologia 73 146–153 Bunk M J and Combs G F Jr 1980 Effect of selenium on appetite in the selenium-deficient chick;J. Nutr. 110 743–749 Buskirk W H 1976 Social systems in a tropical forest avifauna;Am. Nat. 110 293–310 Clark L. 1991 Odour detection thresholds in Tree Sparrows and Cedar Waxwings;Auk 108 177–180 Coleman J S, Fraser J D and Pringle A. A 1985 Salt-eating by Black and Turkey Vultures;Condor 87 291–292 Conley J B and A. R Blem 1978 Seed selection by Japanese Quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica;Am. Nat. 100 135–140 Del Rio A. M, Stevens B R, Daneke D E and Andreadis P T 1988 Physiological correlates of preference and aversion for sugars in three species of birds;Physiol. Zool. 61 222–229 Denbow D M 1985 Food intake control in birds;Neurosci. Biochein. Rev,9 223–232 D’Mello J P F and Lewis D 1970a Amino acid interactions in chick nutrition 1. The interrelationship between lysine and arginine;Br. Poult. Sci. 11 299–311 D’Mello J P F and Lewis D 1970b Amino acid interactions in chick nutrition 2. Interrelationships between leucine, isoleucine and valinc;Br. Pauli. Set. 11 313–323 Draulans D 1982 Foraging and size selection of mussels by the Tufted Duck,Althea fuligula;J. Anima. Ecol. 51 943–956 Draulans D 1988 Do Tufted Duck and Pochard select between differently sized mussles in a similar way?;Wildfowl 38 49–54 Espaillat J E and J R Mason 1990 Differences in taste preference between Red-winged Blackbirds and European Starlings;Wilson Bull. 102 292–299 Fantz R L 1957 Form preferences in newly hatched chicks;J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 50 422–430 Frank A. L 1988 Diet selection by a heteromyid rodent: role of net metabolic water production;Ecology 69 1943–1951 Frumkin K 1975 Failure of sodium- and calcium-deficient rats to acquire conditioned taste aversions to the object of their specific hunger;J, Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 89 329–339 Geiger E 1950 The role of the time factor in protein synthesis;Science 111 594–599 Geiselman P J and Vanderweele D A 1986 Can the homeostatic model explain ingestive behaviour;Nutr. Behav. 3 1–7 Gietzen D W, Leung P M B, Castonguay T W, Hartman W J and Rogers Q R 1986 Time course of food intake and plasma and brain amino acid concentrations in rats fed amino acid-imbalanced or -deficient diets; inInteraction of the chemical senses with nutrition (eds) M R Kare and J G Brand (New York: Academic Press) pp 415–456 Greenberg R 1983 The role of neophobia in determining the degree of foraging specialization in some migrant warblers;Am. Nat,122 444–453 Greig-Smith P W 1987 Aversions of Starlings and Sparrows to unfamiliar, unexpected or unusual flavours and colours in food;Ethology 74 155–163 Heger J and Frydrych Z 1989 Efficiency of utilization of amino acids; inAbsorption and utilization of amino acids (ed.) M Friedman (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press) vol. 1, pp 31–56 Holcombe D J, Roland D A and Harms R H 1976 The ability of hens to regulate protein intake when offered a choice of diets containing different levels of protein;Poult. Sci. 55 1731–1737 Hughes B O and Wood-Gush D G M 1971a Investigations into specific appetites for sodium and thiamine in domestic fowls;Psychol. Behav,6 331–339 Hughes B O and Wood-Gush D G M 1971b A specific appetite for calcium in domestic chickens;Anim, Behav. 19 490–499 Hughes B O and Wood-Gush D G M 1972 A circadian rhythm of calcium intake in the domestic fowl; Br. Poult. Sci.13 485–493 Inglis I R and Ferguson N J K 1986 Starlings search for food rather than eat freely available, identical food;Anima. Behav. 34 614–617 Johnson D J, Li E T S, Coscina D V and Anderson G H 1979 Different diurnal rhythms of protein and non-protein energy intake by rats;Physinl. Behav. 21 777–780 Jones P J 1976 The utilization of calcareous grit by laying Quelea Quelea;Ibis 118 575–576 Karasov W H 1990 Digestion in birds: chemical and physiological determinants and ecological implications;Stud. Avian Biol. 13 391–415 Kaufman L W, Collier G and Squibb R L 1978 Selection of an adequate protein-carbohydrate ratio by the domestic chick;Physiol. Behav. 20 339–344 King J R and Murphy M E 1985 Periods of nutritional stress in the annual cycle of endotherms: fact or fiction?;Am. Zoo. 25 955–964 Lawrence E S 1985a Evidence for search image in blackbirds (Turdus merula L.): short-term learning;Anim. Behav. 33 929–937 Lawrence E S 1985b Evidence ofr search image in blackbirdsTurdus merula L.: long term learning;Anima. Behav. 33 1301–1309 Leathwood P D and Ashley D V M 1983 Strategies of protein selection by weanling and adult rats;Appetite 4 97–112 Leung P M B, Rogers Q R and Harper A E 1968 Effect of amino acid imbalance on dietary choice in the rat;J.Nutr. 95 483–492 Leung P M B and Rogers Q R 1986 Effect of amino acid imbalance and deficiency on dietary choice patterns in rats;Physiol. Behav. 37 747–758 Leveille G A, Shapiro R and Fisher 1-1 1960 Amino acid requirements in the adult rooster IV The requirement for methionine, cystine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan; the adequacy of the determined requirements;J. Nutr. 72 8–15 Li E T S and Anderson G H 1982 Meal composition influences subsequent food selection in the young rat;Physiol. Behav. 29 779–783 Lima S L 1986 Predation risk and unpredictable feeding conditions: Determinants of body mass in birds;Ecology 67 377–385 Lima S L 1988 Vigilance and diet selection: a simple example in the Dark-eyed Junco;Can..J Zool. 66 593–596 Martin G M and Lett B T 1985 Formation of associations of coloured and flavoured food with induced sickness in five avian species;Behav. Neural. Biol. 43 223–237 Martin T E 1985 Resource selection by tropical frugivorous birds integrating multiple interactions;Qecologia 66 563–573 Mason J R, Arzt A H and Reidinger R F 1984 Comparative assessment of food preferences and aversions acquired by Blackbirds via observational learning;Auk 101 796–803 McPherson J M 1988 Preferences of cedar waxwings in the laboratory for fruit species, colour and size: a comparison with field observations;Anim. Behav. 36 961–969 Moermond T C and J S Denslow 1983 Fruit choice in neotropical birds: Effects of fruit type and accessibility on selectivity;J. Anim. Echo. 52 407–420 Morrison M L, Ralph C J, Verner J and Jehl J R Jr (edt) 1990 Avian foraging: Theory, methodology, and applications; inStudies in avian biology 13 Moss R 1972 Food selection by Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus (Lath.) in relation to chemical composition;J. Anima. Ecol. 41 411–428 Mullen B J and Martin R J 1990 Macronutrient selection in rats. Effect of fat type and level;J. Nut. 120 1418–1425 Munro H N 1970 Free amino acid pools and their role in regulation; inMammalian protein metabolism (ed.) H N Munro (New York: Academic Press) pp 299–386 Muramatsu K and Lshida M 1982 Regulation of amino acid intake in the rat: Self selection of methionine andlysine;J. Nutr. Sc. Vitaminol 28 149–162 Murphy M E and King JR 1982 Semi-synthetic diets as a tool for nutritional ecology;Auk 99 165–167 Murphy M E and King J R 1985 Diurnal variation in liver and muscle glutathione pools of molting and non-molting White-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii);Physiol. Zool. 58 646–654 Murphy M E and King J R 1987 Dietary discrimination by molting White-crowned Sparrows given diets differing only in sulfur amino acid concentration;Physiol. Zool. 60 279–289 Murphy M E and King J R 1989 Sparrows discriminate between diets differing in valina or lysine concentrations;Physiol. Behav. 45 423–430 Murphy M E and King J R 1990 Diurnal changes in tissue glutathione pools of molting White-crowned Sparrows: The influence of photoperiod and feeding schedule;Physiol. Zool. 63 1118–1140 Murphy M E and King J R 1991 Protein intake and the dynamics of the postnuptial molt in White-crowned Sparrows,Zonolrichia leucopluys gambelii;Can. J. Cool,69 2225–2229 Murphy M E and Olson D B 1991 Control of daily protein intake by White-crowned Sparrows;Am. Zool. 31 116A(abstr) Murphy M E and King J R 1992 Energy and nutrient use during moult by White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii);Ornis Scand. 23 304–313 Murphy M E and S D Pearcy 1993 Dietary amino acid complementation as a foraging strategy for wild birds;Physiol. Behave,53 689–698 Musten B, Peace D and Anderson G H 1974 Food intake regulation in the weanling rat; Self selection of protein and energy;J. Nutr. 104 563–572 Newman R K and Sands D C 1983 Dietary selection for lysine by the chick;Phystol. Behav. 31 13–19 Obst B S 1986 Wax digestion in Wilson’s Storm Petrel;Wilson Bull. 98 189–195 Okumura J I and Mori S 1979 Effect of deficiencies of single essential amino acids on nitrogen and energy utilization in chicks;Br. Poult. Sci. 20 421–429 Olson D B 1990Selection of dietary protein by sparrows: Effect of temperature; M.S. Thesis, Washington State Univ, Pullman Ousterhout L E 1960 Survival time and biochemical changes in chicks fed diets lacking different essential amino acids;J. Nutr. 70 226–234 Pulliam H R 1980 Do chipping sparrows forage optimally?;Ardea 68 75–82 Quinney T E and Ankney A. D 1985 Prey size selection by Tree Swallows;Auk. 102 245–250 Rapport D J 1980 Optimal foraging for complementary resources;Am, Nat. 116 324–346 Robbins K R, Baker D H and Norton H W 1977 Histidine status in the chick as measured by growth rate, plasma free histidine and breast muscle carnosine;J. Nutr. 107 2055–2061 Rodgers W L 1967 Specificity of specific hungers;J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 64 49–58 Rogers A. M 1987 Predation risk and fasting capacity: Do wintering birds maintain optimal body mass?;Ecology 68 1051–1061 Rosenthal G A and Janzen D H (eds) 1979Herbivores, their interaction with secondary plant metabolites; (New York: Academic Press) Robin P and Kalat J W 1971 Specific hungers and poison avoidance as adaptive specializations of learning; Psycho. Rev.78 459–486 Scarlett T L and Smith KG 1991 Acorn preference of urban blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) during Fall and Spring in Northwestern Arkanas;Condor 93 438–442 Schular W and Hesse E 1985 On the function of warning coloration: a black and yellow pattern inhibits prey-attack by naive domestic chicks;Behav, Ecol. Sociobiol. 16 249–255 Schulkin D 1982 Behaviour of sodium-deficient rats: The search for a salty taste;J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 96 628–634 Sorensen A E 1983 Taste aversion and frugivore preference;Oecologia 56 117–120 Sorensen A E 1984 Nutrition, energy and passage time; Experiments with fruit preference in European Blackbirds (Turdus merula);J. Anim. Ecol. 53 545–557 Stiles F G 1976 Taste preferences, colour preferences, and flower chioce in hummingbirds;Condor 78 10–26 Stromberg M R and P B Johnson 1990 Hummingbird sweetness prefernces: taste or viscosity?;Condor 92 606–612 Sugahara M, Baker D H and Scott H M 1969 Effect of different patterns of excess amino acids on performance of chicks fed amino acid-deficient diets;J. Nut. 97 29–32 Vince M A and Warren R P 1963 Individual differences in taste discrimination in the Great Tit (Parus major);Anima Behav. 11 548–552 Warren R P and Vince M A 1963 Taste discrimination in the Great Tit (Parus major);J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol 56 910–913 Westoby M 1974 An analysis of diet selection by large generalist herbivores;Am, Nat,108 290–304 Westoby M 1978 What are the biological bases of varied diets?; Am.Nat. 112 627–631 Willis A 7, McEwan J W T, Greenwood J J D and Elton R A 1980 Food selection by chicks; Effects of colour, density, and frequency of food types;Anim. Behave. 28 874–879 Willson M F, Graff D A and Whelan A. J 1991 Colour preference of frugivorous birds in relation to the colours of fleshy fruits;Condor 92 545–555 Yamamoto Y, Makita K and Muramatsu K 1984 Self-selection of phenylalanine in the rat;J, Nutr. Sci, Vitamin. 30 273–283 Yamamoto Y, Suzuki M and Muramatsu K 1985 Self selection of dietary threonine in the rat and the effect of taste stimuli on its selection;Agric. Biol. Chem. 49 2859–2864 Yamamoto Y and Muramatsu K 1987a Self-selection of histidine and arginine intake and the requirements for these amino acids in growing rats;J. Nut. Sci. Vitamin. 33 245–253 Yamamoto Y and Muramatsu K 1987b Self-selection of dietary branched-chain amino acids by rats;Agric, Biol. Chem. 51 1023–1031