Diet has independent effects on the pace and shape of aging in Drosophila melanogaster

Biogerontology - Tập 19 - Trang 1-12 - 2017
C. Ruth Archer1,2, Ugofilippo Basellini2,3,4,5, John Hunt1,6, Stephen J. Simpson7, Kwang Pum Lee8, Annette Baudisch4,5
1Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
2MaxNetAging Research School, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
3Institut national d’études démographiques (INED), Paris, France
4Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
5Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
6School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
7Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, D17, Charles Perkins Centre Research and Education Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
8Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Tóm tắt

Studies examining how diet affects mortality risk over age typically characterise mortality using parameters such as aging rates, which condense how much and how quickly the risk of dying changes over time into a single measure. Demographers have suggested that decoupling the tempo and the magnitude of changing mortality risk may facilitate comparative analyses of mortality trajectories, but it is unclear what biologically meaningful information this approach offers. Here, we determine how the amount and ratio of protein and carbohydrate ingested by female Drosophila melanogaster affects how much mortality risk increases over a time-standardised life-course (the shape of aging) and the tempo at which animals live and die (the pace of aging). We find that pace values increased as flies consumed more carbohydrate but declined with increasing protein consumption. Shape values were independent of protein intake but were lowest in flies consuming ~90 μg of carbohydrate daily. As protein intake only affected the pace of aging, varying protein intake rescaled mortality trajectories (i.e. stretched or compressed survival curves), while varying carbohydrate consumption caused deviation from temporal rescaling (i.e. changed the topography of time-standardised survival curves), by affecting pace and shape. Clearly, the pace and shape of aging may vary independently in response to dietary manipulation. This suggests that there is the potential for pace and shape to evolve independently of one another and respond to different physiological processes. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for independent variation in pace and shape, may offer insight into the factors underlying diverse mortality trajectories.

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