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Bệnh Creutzfeldt-Jakob biến thể (vCJK)
Tóm tắt
Bệnh Creutzfeldt-Jakob biến thể (vCJK) là một bệnh prion của con người chưa từng được biết đến, xuất phát từ sự lây truyền zoonotic của các tác nhân gây bệnh bệnh não xốp bò (BSE) từ bò. Bệnh này lần đầu tiên được báo cáo vào năm 1995/96 tại Vương quốc Anh. Đến nay, trên toàn thế giới đã có tổng cộng 219 trường hợp vCJK được báo cáo từ bảy quốc gia châu Âu và bốn quốc gia ngoài châu Âu. Tỷ lệ chính xác của các nhiễm trùng vCJK tiềm ẩn hoặc tiền lâm sàng vẫn chưa rõ ràng. Mặc dù việc kiểm soát BSE đã đạt hiệu quả và các phương thức lây truyền zoonotic đã bị ngắt quãng thành công, hiện vẫn tồn tại một rủi ro lý thuyết về việc lây truyền thứ cấp vCJK giữa con người, chẳng hạn như qua máu và sản phẩm từ máu, cơ quan và mô, hoặc qua các dụng cụ phẫu thuật và sản phẩm y tế bị ô nhiễm. Đến nay, có bốn trường hợp được báo cáo về việc lây truyền vCJK có khả năng qua máu, trong một trường hợp khác, bệnh này có thể đã được truyền qua một chế phẩm huyết tương. Bài viết này cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quan về tình hình dịch tễ học của vCJK và nêu bật việc giám sát, đánh giá rủi ro cũng như quản lý rủi ro của căn bệnh prion mới này liên quan đến BSE ở người.
Từ khóa
#Bệnh Creutzfeldt-Jakob #vCJK #bệnh prion #BSE #lây truyền zoonotic #dịch tễ họcTài liệu tham khảo
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